Coronavirus Vaccine Technology Landscape

Landscape last updated September 23, 2025

The Landscape is a database that compiles and summarizes publicly available information on the global R&D pipeline of broadly protective, MERS, and SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus vaccine candidates. Vaccine candidates profiled in the Landscape are intended to provide greater durability and immunologic protection compared with existing strain-specific vaccines, target emerging variants of circulating coronaviruses, and improve accessibility of vaccines worldwide.

CIDRAP initiated development of the Landscape with support from CEPI, the Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations.

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CIDRAP launches Coronavirus Vaccine Technology Landscape. [Learn more]

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142 Vaccine Candidates

87 Vaccines in Preclinical Studies

44 Vaccines in Clinical Trials

8 Platforms

Preclinical 87

Phase 1 15

Phase 2 17

Phase 3 12

Approved 11

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Preclinical	Phase 1	Phase 2	Phase 3	Approved
Goal Broadly Protective Vaccines
24 Vaccines in Preclinical	4 Vaccines in Phase 1	0 Vaccines in Phase 2	0 Vaccines in Phase 3	0 Vaccines in Approved
Mosaic-S-virosome Developer Amsterdam University Medical Center (The Netherlands) Mymetics BV (The Netherlands) Name Mosaic-S-virosome Print Vaccine Candidate Overview Adjuvant 3M-052 (TLR7/8 agonist) QS21 Phase Preclinical Vaccine Platform Virus-like particle Route of Administration Subcutaneous Specific antigen Stabilized, full-length Spike proteins of the SHC014, Rf1, Pang17, and Khosta-2 sarbecoviruses R&D Status Active Currently in development Research Preclinical Studies Preclinical Publication(s) A spike virosome vaccine induces pan-sarbecovirus antibody responses in mice (B… Animal Models BALB/c mice Mosaic-8b Developer California Institute of Technology (US) University of Oxford (UK) Ingenza (UK) Center for Process Innovation (UK) Name Mosaic-8b Print Vaccine Candidate Overview Adjuvant AddaVax VAC20 EmulsiPan Phase Preclinical Vaccine Platform Nanoparticle Route of Administration Intramuscular Specific antigen RBDs of SARS-CoV-2 (Beta variant), RaTG13, SHC014, Rs4081, Pang17, RmYN02, Rf1, and WIV sarbecoviruses R&D Status Active Currently in development Research Preclinical Studies Preclinical Publication(s) Mosaic RBD nanoparticles protect against challenge by diverse sarbecoviruses in… Mosaic sarbecovirus nanoparticles elicit cross-reactive responses in pre-vaccin… Animal Models BALB/c mice K18-hACE2 mice Rhesus macaques Cynomolgus macaques Key Sources CEPI funds consortium led by CPI to advance Caltech's new all-in-one coronaviru… Resurfaced-RBD Developer Duke University School of Medicine (US) Name Resurfaced-RBD Print Vaccine Candidate Overview Adjuvant 3M-052 (TLR7/8 agonist) Aluminum hydroxide Phase Preclinical Vaccine Platform Nanoparticle Route of Administration Intramuscular Specific antigen RBD based on the SARS-CoV-2 WA-1 virus, engineered to recognize mAbs and polyclonal sera R&D Status Active Currently in development Research Preclinical Studies Preclinical Publication(s) Design of SARS-CoV-2 RBD Immunogens to Focus Immune Responses Towards Conserved… Animal Models BALB/c mice 3R-AEW-NC Developer Fudan University (China) Wuhan Institute of Virology (China) University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (China) Sun Yat-sen University (China) Name 3R-AEW-NC Print Vaccine Candidate Overview Adjuvant KFD Phase Preclinical Vaccine Platform Protein subunit Route of Administration Intranasal Specific antigen RBDs of SARS-CoV-2 (BA.2.86 and EG.5.1 lineages) and SARS-like WIV1 R&D Status Active Currently in development Research Preclinical Studies Preclinical Publication(s) Nasal vaccination of triple-RBD scaffold protein with flagellin elicits long-te… Animal Models BALB/c mice Glyco-RBD-cocktail Developer Georgia State University (US) University of Iowa (US) Name Glyco-RBD-cocktail Print Vaccine Candidate Overview Adjuvant Poly(I:C) Phase Preclinical Vaccine Platform Protein subunit Route of Administration Intranasal Specific antigen N-linked glycosylated RBD of SARS-CoV-2 (XBB.1.5 and WIV02) and MERS-CoV R&D Status Active Currently in development Research Preclinical Studies Preclinical Publication(s) Glycosylated Receptor-Binding-Domain-Targeting Mucosal Vaccines Protect Against… Animal Models BALB/c mice PT-SARS Developer Guangxi University (China) University of Science and Technology of China (China) Shenzhen Children's Hospital (China) Beijing Life Science Academy (China) Name PT-SARS Print Vaccine Candidate Overview Adjuvant AddaVax Phase Preclinical Vaccine Platform Protein subunit Route of Administration Intramuscular Specific antigen RBDs of SARS-CoV-1 and SARS-CoV-2 R&D Status Active Currently in development Research Preclinical Studies Preclinical Publication(s) A SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 RBD Heterodimer Vaccine Candidate (Zhang 2025) Animal Models BALB/c mice CoVAX-multiantigen Developer Immunetune BV (The Netherlands) Leiden University Medical Centre (The Netherlands) Synvolux BV (The Netherlands) Name CoVAX-multiantigen Print Vaccine Candidate Overview Adjuvant None Phase Preclinical Vaccine Platform Nucleic acid/plasmid Route of Administration Intradermal Specific antigen Conserved antigenic regions of the spike, membrane, and nucleocapsid proteins from the SARS-CoV-2 Wuhan-Hu-1 virus R&D Status Active Currently in development Research Preclinical Studies Preclinical Publication(s) Multiantigen pan-sarbecovirus DNA vaccines generate protective T cell immune re… Animal Models C57BL/6 mice K18-hACE2 mice Sarbeco-RBD-cocktail Developer Indian Institute of Science (India) Institute of Microbial Technology (India) Mynvax (India) National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (India) Name Sarbeco-RBD-cocktail Print Vaccine Candidate Overview Adjuvant SWE Phase Preclinical Vaccine Platform Protein subunit Route of Administration Intramuscular Specific antigen Stabilized RBDs of SARS-CoV-1, WIV1, SARS-CoV-2, RaTG13, RmYN02, and BtKY72 R&D Status Active Currently in development Research Preclinical Studies Preclinical Publication(s) Development of a thermostable and broadly neutralizing pan-sarbecovirus vaccine… Animal Models C57BL/6 mice Chimeric-Spike-mRNA Developer International Vaccine Institute (South Korea) BioNet (Thailand) Name Chimeric-Spike-mRNA Print Vaccine Candidate Overview Adjuvant None Phase Preclinical Vaccine Platform Nucleic acid/nanoparticle Route of Administration Intramuscular Specific antigen Chimeric spike antigens composed of RBD, NTD, and S2 from SARS-CoV-1, SARS-CoV-2, HKU3-1, and/or SHC014 R&D Status Active Currently in development Research Preclinical Studies Preclinical Publication(s) Chimeric spike mRNA vaccines protect against Sarbecovirus challenge in mice (Ma… Animal Models BALB/c mice Key Sources Scientists to test if COVID-19 variant vaccine protects against other coronavir… ARVAC-Gamma Developer Laboratorio Pablo Cassará (Argentina) Universidad Nacional de San Martín (Argentina) VisMederi (Italy) Name ARVAC-Gamma Print Vaccine Candidate Overview Adjuvant Aluminum hydroxide Phase Preclinical Vaccine Platform Protein subunit Route of Administration Intramuscular Specific antigen RBDs of the SARS-CoV-2 Gamma variant and either the XBB.1.5 or JN.1 variants R&D Status Active Currently in development Research Preclinical Studies Preclinical Publication(s) Development of bivalent RBD adapted COVID-19 vaccines for broad sarbecovirus im… Animal Models BALB/c mice GBP511 Developer SK Bioscience (South Korea) Name GBP511 Print Vaccine Candidate Overview Adjuvant AS03 AddaVax Phase Preclinical Vaccine Platform Nanoparticle Route of Administration Intramuscular Specific antigen RBD of SARS-CoV-1, SARS-CoV-2 (strain not specified), BtKY72, and RmYN02 R&D Status Active Currently in development Research Preclinical Studies Preclinical Publication(s) Elicitation of broadly protective sarbecovirus immunity by receptor-binding dom… Animal Models BALB/c mice Rhesus macaques Pigtail macaques Key Sources Pan-sarbecovirus vaccine development (GBP511) Mosaic-ODG Developer Sun Yat-sen University (China) Name Mosaic-ODG Print Vaccine Candidate Overview Adjuvant None Phase Preclinical Vaccine Platform Nanoparticle Route of Administration Intranasal Specific antigen RBDs of six SARS-CoV-2 viruses: D614G, BA.1, BA.2, BA.5, BA.2.75, and B.1.617.2 R&D Status Active Currently in development Research Preclinical Studies Preclinical Publication(s) A Mosaic Nanoparticle Vaccine Elicits Potent Mucosal Immune Response with Signi… Animal Models K18-hACE2 mice Rhesus macaques FAdV-9-S19 Developer Sunnybrook Research Institute (Canada) University of Toronto (Canada) Name FAdV-9-S19 Print Vaccine Candidate Overview Adjuvant None Phase Preclinical Vaccine Platform Viral vector Route of Administration Intramuscular Specific antigen Full-length, codon-optimized Spike gene of the SARS-CoV-2 Wuhan-Hu-1 virus R&D Status Active Currently in development Research Preclinical Studies Preclinical Publication(s) Vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 provides low-level cross-protection against comm… Animal Models BALB/c mice K18-hACE2 mice Cynomolgus macaques Trivalent-RBD-subunit Developer Texas Children’s Hospital Center for Vaccine Development (US) Baylor College of Medicine (US) Name Trivalent-RBD-subunit Print Vaccine Candidate Overview Adjuvant Aluminum hydroxide CpG55.2 Phase Preclinical Vaccine Platform Protein subunit Route of Administration Intramuscular Specific antigen RBDs of SARS-CoV-1, SARS-CoV-2 (XBB.1.5), and MERS-CoV R&D Status Active Currently in development Research Preclinical Studies Preclinical Publication(s) A trivalent protein-based pan-Betacoronavirus vaccine elicits cross-neutralizin… Animal Models BALB/c mice IBIS Developer University of Hong Kong (Hong Kong SAR, China) Name IBIS Print Vaccine Candidate Overview Adjuvant None Phase Preclinical Vaccine Platform Live-attenuated Route of Administration Intranasal Specific antigen Highly attenuated SARS-CoV-2 virus (HKU-001a) with a modified envelope protein R&D Status Active Currently in development Research Preclinical Studies Preclinical Publication(s) An interferon-integrated mucosal vaccine provides pan-sarbecovirus protection i… Animal Models K18-hACE2 mice Syrian hamsters NanoSTING-SN Developer University of Houston (US) Auravax Therapeutics (US) Name NanoSTING-SN Print Vaccine Candidate Overview Adjuvant NanoSTING Phase Preclinical Vaccine Platform Nanoparticle Route of Administration Intranasal Specific antigen Recombinant, trimeric Spike protein of the SARS-CoV-2 Beta variant R&D Status Active Currently in development Research Preclinical Studies Preclinical Publication(s) Multi-antigen intranasal vaccine protects against challenge with sarbecoviruses… Animal Models BALB/c mice K18-hACE2 mice Syrian hamsters Rhesus macaques mRBD-NP Developer University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (US) Name mRBD-NP Print Vaccine Candidate Overview Adjuvant AddaVax Phase Preclinical Vaccine Platform Nanoparticle Route of Administration Intramuscular Specific antigen RBDs from SARS-CoV-2 (Wu, BA.5, XBB 1.5), SARS-CoV-1, BtKY72 (bat sarbecovirus) R&D Status Active Currently in development Research Preclinical Studies Preclinical Publication(s) Phylogeny-driven design of broadly protective sarbecovirus receptor-binding dom… Animal Models BALB/c mice African green monkeys Trivalent-RBD-scNP Developer University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (US) Duke Human Vaccine Institute (US) Yale School of Medicine (US) Name Trivalent-RBD-scNP Print Vaccine Candidate Overview Adjuvant TLR-4 agonist glucopyranosyl lipid adjuvant–stable emulsion (GLA-SE) Phase Preclinical Vaccine Platform Nanoparticle Route of Administration Intramuscular Specific antigen RBDs from SARS-CoV-2 (Wuhan-Hu-1), SHC014, and MERS-CoV betacoronaviruses R&D Status Active Currently in development Research Preclinical Studies Preclinical Publication(s) Vaccine-mediated protection against Merbecovirus and Sarbecovirus challenge in … Animal Models BALB/c mice C57BL/6 mice modified at the DPP4 locus Quartet-Nanocage Developer University of Oxford (UK) California Institute of Technology (US) University of Cambridge (UK) Name Quartet-Nanocage Print Vaccine Candidate Overview Adjuvant AddaVax VAC20 Phase Preclinical Vaccine Platform Nanoparticle Route of Administration Intramuscular Specific antigen RBDs from the SARS-CoV-2 (Wuhan-Hu-1), Rs4081, SHC014, and RaTG13 sarbecoviruses R&D Status Active Currently in development Research Preclinical Studies Preclinical Publication(s) Proactive vaccination using multiviral Quartet Nanocages to elicit broad anti-c… Animal Models BALB/c mice C57BL/6 mice 614D/SHC014/XBB Developer University of Wisconsin-Madison (USA) Georgia Institute of Technology (US) Name 614D/SHC014/XBB Print Vaccine Candidate Overview Adjuvant Aluminum hydroxide Phase Preclinical Vaccine Platform Virus-like particle Route of Administration Subcutaneous Specific antigen Full-length Spike proteins of the 614D, XBB, and SHC014 sarbecoviruses R&D Status Active Currently in development Research Preclinical Studies Preclinical Publication(s) Broad protection against clade 1 sarbecoviruses after a single immunization wit… Animal Models Syrian hamsters VLP-S2 Developer University of Wisconsin-Madison (USA) Georgia Institute of Technology (US) Name VLP-S2 Print Vaccine Candidate Overview Adjuvant AS03 Poly(I:C) Phase Preclinical Vaccine Platform Virus-like particle Route of Administration Subcutaneous Specific antigen Modified S2 domains of the SARS-CoV-1, SARS-CoV-2, and SHC014 sarbecoviruses R&D Status Active Currently in development Research Preclinical Studies Preclinical Publication(s) Multivalent S2-based vaccines provide broad protection against SARS-CoV-2 varia… Multivalent S2 subunit vaccines provide broad protection against Clade 1 sarbec… Animal Models C57BL/6 mice K18-hACE2 mice Syrian hamsters FcγR KO BALB/c mice Sarbeco-RBD-Mix Developer Washington University School of Medicine (US) Name Sarbeco-RBD-Mix Print Vaccine Candidate Overview Adjuvant None Phase Preclinical Vaccine Platform Protein subunit Route of Administration Intramuscular Specific antigen RBDs based on ancestral sequence reconstructions of the sarbecovirus subgenera R&D Status Active Currently in development Research Preclinical Studies Preclinical Publication(s) A trivalent mucosal vaccine encoding phylogenetically inferred ancestral RBD se… Animal Models C57BL/6J mice K18-hACE2 mice FcγR−/− mice C1q−/− mice HLA-DR1 mice 3R-NC Developer Wuhan Institute of Virology (China) Sun Yat-sen University (China) University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (China) Fudan University (China) Name 3R-NC Print Vaccine Candidate Overview Adjuvant Imject (aluminum hydroxide and magnesium hydroxide) KFD Phase Preclinical Vaccine Platform Protein subunit Route of Administration Intranasal Specific antigen RBDs of the SARS-CoV-2 Delta and Gamma variants R&D Status Active Currently in development Research Preclinical Studies Preclinical Publication(s) Nasal vaccination of triple-RBD scaffold protein with flagellin elicits long-te… Animal Models BALB/c mice RBD-Fc-WT-BQ Developer Wuhan Institute of Virology (China) Nankai University (China) Guangzhou National Laboratory (China) Name RBD-Fc-WT-BQ Print Vaccine Candidate Overview Adjuvant None Phase Preclinical Vaccine Platform Protein subunit Route of Administration Intranasal Intramuscular Specific antigen RBDs of the SARS-CoV-2 "WT" (strain not specified) and BQ.1.1 viruses R&D Status Active Currently in development Research Preclinical Studies Preclinical Publication(s) An RBD-Fc mucosal vaccine provides variant-proof protection against SARS-CoV-2 … Animal Models BALB/c mice K18-hACE2 mice Syrian hamsters	T2_17 Developer DIOSynVax Ltd (UK) University of Oxford (UK) Name T2_17 Print Vaccine Candidate Overview Adjuvant None Phase Phase 1 Vaccine Platform Nucleic acid/plasmid Route of Administration Intradermal Specific antigen Computationally designed RBD based on sarbecovirurs phylogeny, engineered to display the amino acid sequence of monoclonal antibody S309 with a glycosylation site R&D Status Active Currently in development Research Preclinical Studies Preclinical Publication(s) A computationally designed antigen eliciting broad humoral responses against SA… Animal Models K18-hACE2 mice Trial 1 Trial 1 Registry ID ISRCTN87813400 Trial 1 Location UK Trial 1 Status Completed Trial 1 Phase Phase 1 Trial 1 Study Start Date 5/2020 Trial 1 Study Completion Date 9/2024 Trial 1 Links ISRCTN87813400 Key Sources CEPI and DIOSynVax partner in quest to develop broadly protective Betacoronavir… SpFN/ALFQ Developer U.S. Army Medical Research and Development Command (US) Name SpFN/ALFQ Print Vaccine Candidate Overview Adjuvant ALFQ Phase Phase 1 Vaccine Platform Nanoparticle Route of Administration Intramuscular Specific antigen Full-length modified Spike protein from SARS-CoV-2 (Wuhan-Hu-1) stabilized with two proline substitutions R&D Status Active Currently in development Research Preclinical Studies Preclinical Publication(s) A SARS-CoV-2 ferritin nanoparticle vaccine elicits protective immune responses … SARS-CoV-2 ferritin nanoparticle vaccines elicit broad SARS coronavirus immunog… Animal Models BALB/c mice C57BL/6 mice K18-hACE2 mice Rhesus macaques Trial 1 Trial 1 Registry ID NCT04784767 Trial 1 Location US Trial 1 Status Completed Trial 1 Phase Phase 1 Trial 1 Study Start Date 4/2021 Trial 1 Primary Completion Date 3/2023 Trial 1 Study Completion Date 10/2023 Trial 1 Links NCT04784767 SARS-CoV-2 recombinant spike ferritin nanoparticle vaccine adjuvanted with Army… VBI-2901a Developer VBI Vaccines (US) Name VBI-2901a Print Vaccine Candidate Overview Adjuvant None Phase Phase 1 Vaccine Platform Virus-like particle Route of Administration Intramuscular Specific antigen Full-length Spike proteins from SARS-CoV-1, SARS-CoV-2, and MERS (strains not specified) R&D Status Active Currently in development Research Preclinical Studies Preclinical Publication(s) Use of eVLP-based vaccine candidates to broaden immunity against SARS-CoV-2 var… Animal Models C57BL/6 mice Trial 1 Trial 1 Registry ID NCT05548439 Trial 1 Location Canada Trial 1 Status Unknown Trial 1 Phase Phase 1 Trial 1 Study Start Date 10/2022 Trial 1 Links NCT05548439 Key Sources VBI Vaccines Announces Preclinical Coronavirus Program Data and Selection of Cl… CEPI boosts 'Coronavirus X' vaccine search with expanded VBI Vaccines deal VBI-2901e Developer VBI Vaccines (US) Name VBI-2901e Print Vaccine Candidate Overview Adjuvant Aluminum phosphate E6020 (TLR4 agonist) Phase Phase 1 Vaccine Platform Virus-like particle Route of Administration Intramuscular Specific antigen Full-length Spike proteins from SARS-CoV-1, SARS-CoV-2, and MERS (strains not specified) R&D Status Inactive No longer in development Research Preclinical Studies Animal Models C57BL/6 mice Trial 1 Trial 1 Registry ID NCT05614245 Trial 1 Location Canada Trial 1 Status Withdrawn Trial 1 Phase Phase 1 Trial 1 Links NCT05614245 Key Sources VBI Vaccines Announces Preclinical Coronavirus Program Data and Selection of Cl…
Goal MERS Vaccines
13 Vaccines in Preclinical	2 Vaccines in Phase 1	2 Vaccines in Phase 2	0 Vaccines in Phase 3	0 Vaccines in Approved
MPSP-RBD Developer Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (Spain) Name MPSP-RBD Print Vaccine Candidate Overview Adjuvant Montanide™ ISA 206 VG Phase Preclinical Vaccine Platform Virus-like particle Route of Administration Intramuscular Specific antigen MERS-CoV spike Receptor Binding Domain (RBD) R&D Status Active Currently in development Research Preclinical Studies Preclinical Publication(s) Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus vaccine based on a propagation-def… Animal Models Llamas rSRV9-MERSS1 Developer Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (China) Name rSRV9-MERS_S1 Print Vaccine Candidate Overview Adjuvant None Phase Preclinical Vaccine Platform Viral vector Route of Administration Intramuscular Specific antigen MERS-CoV S1 subunit R&D Status Active Currently in development Research Preclinical Studies Preclinical Publication(s) Inactivated Rabies Virus Vectored MERS-Coronavirus Vaccine Induces Protective I… Animal Models C57BL/6 mice Bactrian camels Ad5-hDPP4-transduced mice Alpacas ICR adult mice ICR suckling mice MERS-CoV-S.FL-pDNA Developer Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University (Saudi Arabia) Name MERS-CoV-S.FL-pDNA Print Vaccine Candidate Overview Adjuvant None Phase Preclinical Vaccine Platform Nucleic acid/nanoparticle Route of Administration Intramuscular Specific antigen Full-length MERS-CoV spike R&D Status Active Currently in development Research Preclinical Studies Preclinical Publication(s) Nucleic acid vaccine candidates encapsulated with mesoporous silica nanoparticl… Animal Models C57BL/6J mice Ad-MERS-S1 Developer Jordan University of Science and Technology (Jordan) Name Ad-MERS-S1 Print Vaccine Candidate Overview Adjuvant None Phase Preclinical Vaccine Platform Viral vector Route of Administration Intramuscular Specific antigen MERS-CoV S1 subunit R&D Status Inactive No longer in development Research Preclinical Studies Preclinical Publication(s) Recombinant adenoviral vaccine encoding the spike 1 subunit of the Middle East … Animal Models BALB/c mice MERS-RBD-mRNA Developer New York Blood Center (US) Georgia State University (US) University of Iowa (US) The Scripps Research Institute (US) University of Louisville (US) Name MERS-RBD-mRNA Print Vaccine Candidate Overview Adjuvant None Phase Preclinical Vaccine Platform Nucleic acid/nanoparticle Route of Administration Intradermal Specific antigen MERS-CoV spike Receptor Binding Domain (RBD) R&D Status Active Currently in development Research Preclinical Studies Preclinical Publication(s) MERS-CoV RBD-mRNA vaccine induces potent and broadly neutralizing antibodies wi… Animal Models BALB/c mice RBD+SP-1/alum Developer New York Blood Center (US) Name RBD+SP-1/alum Print Vaccine Candidate Overview Adjuvant Alhydrogel Phase Preclinical Vaccine Platform Protein subunit Route of Administration Intramuscular Specific antigen MERS-CoV RBD protein formulated with an ASP-1 oligodeoxynucleotide TLR-9 agonist R&D Status Active Currently in development Research Preclinical Studies Preclinical Publication(s) The Potency of an Anti-MERS Coronavirus Subunit Vaccine Depends on a Unique Com… Animal Models C57BL/6 mice NVX-MERS Developer Novavax (US) University of Maryland (US) Name NVX-MERS Print Vaccine Candidate Overview Adjuvant Matrix-M1 adjuvant Phase Preclinical Vaccine Platform Nanoparticle Route of Administration Intramuscular Specific antigen Full-length MERS-CoV spike R&D Status Inactive No longer in development Research Preclinical Studies Preclinical Publication(s) MERS-CoV spike nanoparticles protect mice from MERS-CoV infection (Coleman 2017) Animal Models BALB/c mice Ad-CMV-hDPP4-transduced mice MERS-CoV-EMC2012-CA22 Developer PioneerVaccine, Inc. (South Korea) Kyunpook National University (South Korea) Name MERS-CoV-EMC2012-CA22 Print Vaccine Candidate Overview Adjuvant None Phase Preclinical Vaccine Platform Live-attenuated Route of Administration Intranasal Specific antigen Cold-adapted live-attenuated MERS-CoV R&D Status Active Currently in development Research Preclinical Studies Preclinical Publication(s) The Protective Efficacy of Single-Dose Nasal Immunization with Cold-Adapted Liv… Animal Models K18-hDPP4 mice Ad5/MERS Developer The Catholic University of Korea (South Korea) Life Science Research Institute (South Korea) Name Ad5/MERS Print Vaccine Candidate Overview Adjuvant Aluminum Phase Preclinical Vaccine Platform Viral vector Route of Administration Intramuscular Specific antigen Full-length MERS-CoV spike R&D Status Inactive No longer in development Research Preclinical Studies Preclinical Publication(s) Heterologous prime–boost vaccination with adenoviral vector and protein nanopar… Animal Models BALB/c mice AdC68-S Developer The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (China) Name AdC68-S Print Vaccine Candidate Overview Adjuvant None Phase Preclinical Vaccine Platform Viral vector Route of Administration Intramuscular Intranasal Specific antigen Full-length MERS-CoV spike R&D Status Inactive No longer in development Research Preclinical Studies Preclinical Publication(s) Single intranasal immunization with chimpanzee adenovirus-based vaccine induces… Animal Models BALB/c mice hDPP4-KI mice rMERS-MA30-dels Developer Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (Spain) Name rMERS-MA30-dels Print Vaccine Candidate Overview Adjuvant None Phase Preclinical Vaccine Platform Nucleic acid/plasmid Route of Administration Intranasal Specific antigen Replication-competent, propagation-defective MERS-CoV RNA replicon R&D Status Active Currently in development Research Preclinical Studies Preclinical Publication(s) Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus vaccine based on a propagation-def… Animal Models K18-hDPP4 mice hDPP4-KI mice mCuMVTT-MERS Developer University of Bern (Switzerland) Hamad Medical Corporation (Qatar) Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre (Latvia) Erasmus Medical Center (The Netherlands) Artemis Bioservices (The Netherlands) Qatar University (Qatar) University of Oxford (UK) Anhui Agricultural University (China) Name mCuMVTT-MERS Print Vaccine Candidate Overview Adjuvant ssRNA TLR7/8 agonist Phase Preclinical Vaccine Platform Virus-like particle Route of Administration Subcutaneous Specific antigen MERS-CoV spike Receptor Binding Motif (RBM) R&D Status Active Currently in development Research Preclinical Studies Preclinical Publication(s) Neutralization of MERS coronavirus through a scalable nanoparticle vaccine (Moh… Animal Models BALB/c mice Len_S1 Developer University of Hong Kong (Hong Kong SAR, China) University of Missouri (US) Name Len_S1 Print Vaccine Candidate Overview Adjuvant None Phase Preclinical Vaccine Platform Viral vector Route of Administration Intranasal Specific antigen Clade A MERS-CoV spike S1 R&D Status Active Currently in development Research Preclinical Studies Preclinical Publication(s) A single-dose intranasal immunization with a novel bat influenza A virus-vector… Animal Models C57BL/6J mice Transgenic C57BL/6J-hDPP4 mice	MVA-MERS-S Developer IDT Biologika (Germany) German Center for Infection Research (Germany) University of Hamburg-Eppendorf (Germany) Name MVA-MERS-S Print Vaccine Candidate Overview Adjuvant None Phase Phase 1 Vaccine Platform Viral vector Route of Administration Subcutaneous Intramuscular Specific antigen Full-length MERS-CoV spike gene inserted in Modified Vaccinia Ankara (MVA) vector R&D Status Active Currently in development Research Preclinical Studies Preclinical Publication(s) Protective Efficacy of Recombinant Modified Vaccinia Virus Ankara Delivering Mi… An orthopoxvirus-based vaccine reduces virus excretion after MERS-CoV infection… Animal Models BALB/c mice Dromedary camels Trial 1 Trial 1 Registry ID NCT03615911 Trial 1 Location Germany Trial 1 Status Completed Trial 1 Phase Phase 1 Trial 1 Study Start Date 11/2017 Trial 1 Primary Completion Date 4/2019 Trial 1 Study Completion Date 5/2019 Trial 1 Links NCT03615911 Safety and immunogenicity of a modified vaccinia virus Ankara vector vaccine ca… Increased neutralization and IgG epitope identification after MVA-MERS-S booste… Trial 2 Trial 2 Registry ID NCT04119440 Trial 2 Location Germany, The Netherlands Trial 2 Status Completed Trial 2 Phase Phase 1 Trial 2 Study Start Date 4/2021 Trial 2 Primary Completion Date 11/2022 Trial 2 Study Completion Date 11/2024 Trial 2 Links NCT04119440 Safety, immunogenicity, and optimal dosing of a modified vaccinia Ankara-based … ChAdOx1-MERS-VTP-500 Developer University of Oxford (UK) Barinthus Biotherapeutics (UK) Name ChAdOx1-MERS-VTP-500 Print Vaccine Candidate Overview Adjuvant None Phase Phase 1 Vaccine Platform Viral vector Route of Administration Intramuscular Specific antigen Full-length MERS-CoV spike R&D Status Active Currently in development Research Preclinical Studies Preclinical Publication(s) Humoral Immunogenicity and Efficacy of a Single Dose of ChAdOx1 MERS Vaccine Ca… A single dose of ChAdOx1 MERS provides protective immunity in rhesus macaques (… Animal Models Rhesus macaques BALB/c-hDPP4 mice Dromedary camels Trial 1 Trial 1 Registry ID NCT03399578 Trial 1 Location United Kingdom Trial 1 Status Terminated Trial 1 Phase Phase 1 Trial 1 Study Start Date 3/2018 Trial 1 Primary Completion Date 9/2021 Trial 1 Study Completion Date 9/2021 Trial 1 Links NCT03399578 Safety and immunogenicity of a candidate Middle East respiratory syndrome coron… Trial 2 Trial 2 Registry ID NCT04170829 Trial 2 Location Saudi Arabia Trial 2 Status Completed Trial 2 Phase Phase 1 Trial 2 Study Start Date 12/2019 Trial 2 Primary Completion Date 11/2020 Trial 2 Study Completion Date 11/2020 Trial 2 Links NCT04170829 Safety and immunogenicity of ChAdOx1 MERS vaccine candidate in healthy Middle E… Trial 3 Trial 3 Registry ID ISRCTN17936606 Trial 3 Location United Kingdom Trial 3 Status Ongoing Trial 3 Phase Phase 1 Trial 3 Study Start Date 1/2023 Trial 3 Links ISRCTN17936606 Key Sources New partnership aims to advance vaccine against MERS coronavirus	BVRS-GamVac-Combi Developer Gamaleya Research Institute (Russia) Name BVRS-GamVac-Combi Print Vaccine Candidate Overview Adjuvant None Phase Phase 2 Vaccine Platform Viral vector Route of Administration Intramuscular Specific antigen Recombinant MERS-CoV spike R&D Status Inactive No longer in development Research Preclinical Studies Preclinical Publication(s) A heterologous virus-vectored vaccine for prevention of Middle East respiratory… Animal Models C57BL/6 mice Common marmosets Trial 1 Trial 1 Registry ID NCT04128059 Trial 1 Location Russia Trial 1 Status Unknown Trial 1 Phase Phase 2 Trial 1 Study Start Date 11/2019 Trial 1 Primary Completion Date 1/0001 Trial 1 Links NCT04128059 Trial 2 Trial 2 Registry ID NCT04130594 Trial 2 Location Russia Trial 2 Status Unknown Trial 2 Phase Phase 2 Trial 2 Study Start Date 11/2019 Trial 2 Links NCT04130594 INO-4700 Developer Inovio Pharmaceuticals (US) GeneOne Life Science (South Korea) Name INO-4700 Print Vaccine Candidate Overview Adjuvant None Phase Phase 2 Vaccine Platform Nucleic acid/plasmid Route of Administration Intramuscular Intradermal with electroporation Specific antigen Full-length MERS-CoV spike R&D Status Inactive No longer in development Research Preclinical Studies Preclinical Publication(s) A synthetic consensus anti–spike protein DNA vaccine induces protective immunit… Intradermal delivery of a synthetic DNA vaccine protects macaques from Middle E… Animal Models C57BL/6 mice Rhesus macaques Dromedary camels Trial 1 Trial 1 Registry ID NCT02670187 Trial 1 Location United States Trial 1 Status Completed Trial 1 Phase Phase 1 Trial 1 Study Start Date 2/2016 Trial 1 Primary Completion Date 5/2017 Trial 1 Study Completion Date 9/2017 Trial 1 Links NCT02670187 Safety and immunogenicity of an anti-Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavir… Trial 2 Trial 2 Registry ID NCT03721718 Trial 2 Location South Korea Trial 2 Status Completed Trial 2 Phase Phase 2 Trial 2 Study Start Date 8/2018 Trial 2 Primary Completion Date 5/2019 Trial 2 Study Completion Date 4/2020 Trial 2 Links NCT03721718 Trial 3 Trial 3 Registry ID NCT04588428 Trial 3 Location Jordan, Kenya, Lebanon Trial 3 Status Completed Trial 3 Phase Phase 2 Trial 3 Study Start Date 6/2021 Trial 3 Primary Completion Date 1/2023 Trial 3 Study Completion Date 1/2023 Trial 3 Links NCT04588428
Goal SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines
49 Vaccines in Preclinical	9 Vaccines in Phase 1	14 Vaccines in Phase 2	12 Vaccines in Phase 3	11 Vaccines in Approved
MAPS-SC2 Developer Affinivax (USA) Name MAPS-SC2 Print Vaccine Candidate Overview Adjuvant None Phase Preclinical Vaccine Platform Protein subunit Route of Administration Intramuscular Specific antigen RBD of the SARS-CoV-2 D614G virus R&D Status Inactive No longer in development Research Preclinical Studies Preclinical Publication(s) Preclinical Immunogenicity and Efficacy of a Multiple Antigen-Presenting System… Animal Models New Zealand White rabbits Cynomolgus macaques EV-SC2-BA2/4/5 Developer Ajou University Medical Center (South Korea) CK-Exogene (South Korea) Name EV-SC2-BA2/4/5 Print Vaccine Candidate Overview Adjuvant None Phase Preclinical Vaccine Platform Nanoparticle Route of Administration Intramuscular Specific antigen Modified, SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein ("Wild type" - strain not specified) with RBD of the SARS-CoV-2 BA.2 or BA.4/5 variants, and Nucleocapid, Matrix, and Envelope proteins (strains not specified) R&D Status Active Currently in development Research Preclinical Studies Preclinical Publication(s) Immunologic responses to an extracellular vesicle-based vaccine expressing the … Animal Models BALB/c mice SC2-multi-peptide Developer Ajou University Medical Center (South Korea) Name SC2-multi-peptide Print Vaccine Candidate Overview Adjuvant CFA Phase Preclinical Vaccine Platform Protein subunit Route of Administration Subcutaneous Specific antigen SARS-CoV-2 peptides from the spike and nucleocapside proteins based on conserved epitopes R&D Status Active Currently in development Research Preclinical Studies Preclinical Publication(s) Pan-Variant SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines Induce Protective Immunity by Targeting Conserv… Animal Models BALB/c mice iBoost-SC2 Developer Amsterdam University Medical Center (The Netherlands) CimCure BV (Netherlands) Technology Research Institute Bioaster (France) Name iBoost-SC2 Print Vaccine Candidate Overview Adjuvant Sepivac SWE Phase Preclinical Vaccine Platform Protein subunit Route of Administration Intramuscular Specific antigen RBD, SD1, SD2, S1/2 fusion peptide, and HR1 of the SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein (strain not specified) R&D Status Active Currently in development Research Preclinical Studies Preclinical Publication(s) Targeting the early life stages of SARS-CoV-2 using a multi-peptide conjugate v… Animal Models BALB/c mice Syrian hamsters CoVEXS5 Developer Bharat Biotech International (India) ExcellGene SA (Switzerland) University of Sydney (Australia) Name CoVEXS5 Print Vaccine Candidate Overview Adjuvant Sepivac SWE Phase Preclinical Vaccine Platform Protein subunit Route of Administration Intramuscular Specific antigen 7 chimeric SARS-CoV-2 Spike antigens based on mutations commonly occuring in variants of concern R&D Status Active Currently in development Research Preclinical Studies Preclinical Publication(s) A Single Chimeric Spike Antigen Induces Pan-Sarbecovirus Immunity (Counoupas 20… An adjuvanted chimeric spike antigen boosts lung-resident memory T-cells and in… Animal Models C57BL/6 mice K18-hACE2 mice Syrian hamsters Key Sources CEPI partners with consortium of Bharat Biotech, University of Sydney and Excel… CPVax-CoV Developer Certest Pharma (Spain) Navarra Institute for Health Research (Spain) Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria Aragon (Spain) Universidad de Zaragoza (Spain) Name CPVax-CoV Print Vaccine Candidate Overview Adjuvant None Phase Preclinical Vaccine Platform Nucleic acid/nanoparticle Route of Administration Intramuscular Specific antigen Spike-coding mRNA sequence from the commercial Comirnaty vaccine R&D Status Active Currently in development Research Preclinical Studies Preclinical Publication(s) Enhanced stability and efficacy of a lyophilized mRNA SARS-CoV-2 vaccine incorp… Animal Models BALB/c mice C57BL/6 mice K18-hACE2 mice BSCoV05 Developer Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College (China) Name BSCoV05 Print Vaccine Candidate Overview Adjuvant None Phase Preclinical Vaccine Platform Nucleic acid/nanoparticle Route of Administration Intramuscular Specific antigen RBD of the SARS-CoV-2 Wuhan-Hu-1 virus modified with the S371F, K417N, N440K, L452R, L455F, F456L, T478K, E484A, F486V, Q493R, Q498R, N501Y, and Y505H mutations R&D Status Active Currently in development Research Preclinical Studies Preclinical Publication(s) mRNA vaccines with RBD mutations have broad-spectrum activity against SARS-CoV-… Animal Models BALB/c mice K18-hACE2 mice BSCoV06 Developer Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College (China) Name BSCoV06 Print Vaccine Candidate Overview Adjuvant None Phase Preclinical Vaccine Platform Nucleic acid/nanoparticle Route of Administration Intramuscular Specific antigen RBD of the SARS-CoV-2 Wuhan-Hu-1 virus modified with the H346T, L368I, S371F, K417N, N440K, V445P, L452R, T478K, E484A, F490S, Q493R, Q498R, N501Y, and Y505H mutations R&D Status Active Currently in development Research Preclinical Studies Preclinical Publication(s) mRNA vaccines with RBD mutations have broad-spectrum activity against SARS-CoV-… Animal Models BALB/c mice K18-hACE2 mice Ad5-Omicron-S2PL Developer Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China) Name Ad5-Omicron-S2PL Print Vaccine Candidate Overview Adjuvant None Phase Preclinical Vaccine Platform Viral vector Route of Administration Oral Specific antigen Full-length Spike protein of the SARS-CoV-2 BA.1 virus R&D Status Active Currently in development Research Preclinical Studies Preclinical Publication(s) Oral Ad5 Vector-Based SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine Effectively Induces Mucosal and System… Animal Models BALB/c mice Beta-VLP Developer CSIR Next Generation Health (South Africa) University of Pretoria (South Africa) Tautomer (South Africa) 3Sixty Biopharmaceuticals (South Africa) Name Beta-VLP Print Vaccine Candidate Overview Adjuvant Sepivac SWE CpG Phase Preclinical Vaccine Platform Virus-like particle Route of Administration Intramuscular Specific antigen Full-length Spike protein of the SARS-CoV-2 Beta variant R&D Status Active Currently in development Research Preclinical Studies Preclinical Publication(s) Immunogenicity of adjuvanted plant-produced SARS-CoV-2 Beta spike VLP vaccine i… Protective efficacy of a plant-produced beta variant rSARS-CoV-2 VLP vaccine in… Animal Models Syrian hamsters New Zealand White rabbits S-RBD-NUS Developer Duke-National University of Singapore (Singapore) Name S-RBD-NUS Print Vaccine Candidate Overview Adjuvant Aluminum hydroxide Phase Preclinical Vaccine Platform Protein subunit Route of Administration Intranasal Specific antigen RBD of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein based on the Wuhan-Hu-1 virus R&D Status Active Currently in development Research Preclinical Studies Preclinical Publication(s) Mucosal SARS-CoV-2 vaccination of rodents elicits superior systemic T central m… Animal Models C57BL/6 mice Syrian hamsters CF501/RBD-Fc Developer Fudan University (China) Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China) Name CF501/RBD-Fc Print Vaccine Candidate Overview Adjuvant CF501 Phase Preclinical Vaccine Platform Protein subunit Route of Administration Intramuscular Specific antigen RBD of the SARS-CoV-2 Wuhan-Hu-1 virus R&D Status Active Currently in development Research Preclinical Studies Preclinical Publication(s) A novel STING agonist-adjuvanted pan-sarbecovirus vaccine elicits potent and du… A pan-sarbecovirus vaccine based on RBD of SARS-CoV-2 original strain elicits p… Neutralization of SARS-CoV-2 BA.2.86 and JN.1 by CF501 adjuvant-enhanced immune… Animal Models BALB/c mice hACE2 mice New Zealand White rabbits Rhesus macaques G5-BGG/pSP Developer Fudan University (China) Name G5-BGG/pSP Print Vaccine Candidate Overview Adjuvant None Phase Preclinical Vaccine Platform Nucleic acid/nanoparticle Route of Administration Intranasal Specific antigen Full-length Spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 based on the Wuhan-Hu-1 virus, modified to enhance expression in mammalian cells R&D Status Active Currently in development Research Preclinical Studies Preclinical Publication(s) Intranasal G5-BGG/pDNA Vaccine Elicits Protective Systemic and Mucosal Immunity… Animal Models BALB/c mice IM-IN-NE/IVT Developer Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (US) Ghent University (Belgium) University of Michigan (US) Name IM-IN-NE/IVT Print Vaccine Candidate Overview Adjuvant AddaVax Phase Preclinical Vaccine Platform Protein subunit Route of Administration Intramuscular Intranasal Specific antigen Recombinant full-length spike protein and RBD of SARS-CoV-2 based on the Wuhan-Hu-1 virus R&D Status Active Currently in development Research Preclinical Studies Preclinical Publication(s) Enhanced mucosal SARS-CoV-2 immunity after heterologous intramuscular mRNA prim… Animal Models C57BL/6 mice 129S1 mice K18-hACE2 mice Beta-Delta-S-2P Developer Inventprise, Inc (USA) National Research Council Canada (Canada) Name Beta-Delta-S-2P Print Vaccine Candidate Overview Adjuvant Aluminum hydroxide CpG Phase Preclinical Vaccine Platform Protein subunit Route of Administration Intramuscular Specific antigen RBD of the SARS-CoV-2 Beta and Delta variants with two proline-stabilizing mutations R&D Status Active Currently in development Research Preclinical Studies Preclinical Publication(s) SARS-CoV-2 conjugate vaccine elicits robust immune responses that can protect a… Animal Models BALB/c mice Syrian hamsters VSV-G-Spike Developer Israel Institute for Biological Research (Israel) Sheba Medical Center (Israel) Weizmann Institute of Science (Israel) Name VSV-G-Spike Print Vaccine Candidate Overview Adjuvant None Phase Preclinical Vaccine Platform Viral vector Route of Administration Intramuscular Intranasal Specific antigen Full-length, codon-optimized Spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 (strain not specified) R&D Status Active Currently in development Research Preclinical Studies Preclinical Publication(s) A single dose of recombinant VSV-∆G-spike vaccine provides protection against S… VSV-ΔG-Spike Candidate Vaccine Induces Protective Immunity and Protects K18-hAC… Induction of Superior Systemic and Mucosal Protective Immunity to SARS-CoV-2 by… Animal Models C57BL/6J mice K18-hACE2 mice Syrian hamsters rAd5-SARS2-S1 Developer King Abdulaziz University (Saudi Arabia) Name rAd5-SARS2-S1 Print Vaccine Candidate Overview Adjuvant None Phase Preclinical Vaccine Platform Viral vector Route of Administration Intranasal Specific antigen Codon-optimized S1 subunit of the SARS-CoV-2 Wuhan-Hu-1 virus R&D Status Active Currently in development Research Preclinical Studies Preclinical Publication(s) Mucosal SARS-CoV-2 S1 adenovirus-based vaccine elicits robust systemic and muco… Animal Models BALB/c mice Syrian hamsters RGV-DO-003 Developer Korea Institute of Toxicology (South Korea) University of Science and Technology (South Korea) Name RGV-DO-003 Print Vaccine Candidate Overview Adjuvant None Phase Preclinical Vaccine Platform Nucleic acid/nanoparticle Route of Administration Intramuscular Specific antigen RBDs of the SARS-CoV-2 Wuhan-Hu-1, BA.1, and BA.5 viruses R&D Status Active Currently in development Research Preclinical Studies Preclinical Publication(s) Efficacy and safety of a novel multivalent mRNA vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 in e… Animal Models BALB/c mice Sprague-Dawley rats hACE2 mice Beagle dogs RBD‐TMC-NP Developer Mahidol University (Thailand) Navamindradhiraj University (Thailand) Name RBD‐TMC-NP Print Vaccine Candidate Overview Adjuvant cGAMP (STING agonist) Phase Preclinical Vaccine Platform Nanoparticle Route of Administration Intranasal Specific antigen RBD of the SARS-CoV-2 Wuhan-Hu-1 and BA.1 viruses R&D Status Active Currently in development Research Preclinical Studies Preclinical Publication(s) Intranasal Administration of Bivalent RBD Nanoparticles Elicits Strong Systemic… Animal Models BALB/c mice K18-hACE2 mice cmRNA-1130 Developer Monash University (Australia) Suzhou CureMed Biopharma Technology (China) Hunan University of Chinese Medicine (China) Soochow University (China) Name cmRNA-1130 Print Vaccine Candidate Overview Adjuvant None Phase Preclinical Vaccine Platform Nucleic acid/nanoparticle Route of Administration Intramuscular Specific antigen Trimeric TBD of the SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant R&D Status Active Currently in development Research Preclinical Studies Preclinical Publication(s) Circular mRNA Vaccine against SARS-COV-2 Variants Enabled by Degradable Lipid N… Animal Models BALB/c mice Chitosan-S-Omicron Developer National Institutes for Food and Drug Control (China) Name Chitosan-S-Omicron Print Vaccine Candidate Overview Adjuvant Chitosan Phase Preclinical Vaccine Platform Protein subunit Route of Administration Intranasal Specific antigen Full-length Spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 based on the Wuhan-Hu-1 virus R&D Status Active Currently in development Research Preclinical Studies Preclinical Publication(s) Immunogenicity of intranasal vaccine based on SARS-CoV-2 spike protein during p… Animal Models BALB/c mice CoV072 Developer National Institutes for Food and Drug Control (China) Name CoV072 Print Vaccine Candidate Overview Adjuvant None Phase Preclinical Vaccine Platform Nucleic acid/nanoparticle Route of Administration Intramuscular Specific antigen Codon-optimized, full-length spike protein of the SARS-CoV-2 EG.5 lineage R&D Status Active Currently in development Research Preclinical Studies Preclinical Publication(s) A SARS-CoV-2 EG.5 mRNA vaccine induces a broad-spectrum immune response in mice… Animal Models BALB/c mice RBD-LTA Developer National Tsing Hua University (Taiwan) MacKay Memorial Hospital (Taiwan) Minghsin University of Science and Technology (Taiwan) Academia Sinica (Taiwan) Adimmune Corporation Name RBD-LTA Print Vaccine Candidate Overview Adjuvant LTA Phase Preclinical Vaccine Platform Protein subunit Route of Administration Intranasal Specific antigen Codon-optimized RBD of the SARS-CoV-2 Wuhan-Hu-1 virus R&D Status Active Currently in development Research Preclinical Studies Preclinical Publication(s) Induction of neutralizing antibodies and mucosal IgA through intranasal immuniz… Intranasal booster with SARS-CoV-2 RBD protein fused to E. coli enterotoxin a s… Animal Models BALB/c mice Syrian hamsters MPV/S-2P Developer NIAID (US) Name MPV/S-2P Print Vaccine Candidate Overview Adjuvant None Phase Preclinical Vaccine Platform Viral vector Route of Administration Intranasal Specific antigen Prefusion stablized SARS-CoV-2 spike protein based on the Wuhan-Hu-1 virus R&D Status Active Currently in development Research Preclinical Studies Preclinical Publication(s) Mucosal prime-boost immunization with live murine pneumonia virus-vectored SARS… Animal Models Rhesus macaques BK2102 Developer Osaka University (Japan) Name BK2102 Print Vaccine Candidate Overview Adjuvant None Phase Preclinical Vaccine Platform Live-attenuated Route of Administration Intranasal Specific antigen Live SARS-CoV-2 containing attenuating mutations R&D Status Active Currently in development Research Preclinical Studies Preclinical Publication(s) Immunogenicity and safety of a live-attenuated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine candidate bas… Animal Models Syrian hamsters K18-hACE2 mice NDV-PFS Developer Public Health Agency of Canada (Canada) University of Guelph (Canada) Name NDV-PFS Print Vaccine Candidate Overview Adjuvant None Phase Preclinical Vaccine Platform Viral vector Route of Administration Intranasal Specific antigen Full-length, codon-optimized Spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 (strain not specified) R&D Status Active Currently in development Research Preclinical Studies Preclinical Publication(s) Intranasal vaccination with an NDV-vectored SARS-CoV-2 vaccine protects against… Animal Models Syrian hamsters K18-hACE2 mice RV-1730 Developer RNAImmune (US) Guangzhou RNAimmune (China) Name RV-1730 Print Vaccine Candidate Overview Adjuvant None Phase Preclinical Vaccine Platform Nucleic acid/nanoparticle Route of Administration Intramuscular Specific antigen Prefusion stablized SARS-CoV-2 spike protein based on the Delta variant R&D Status Active Currently in development Research Preclinical Studies Preclinical Publication(s) S6P mutation in Delta and Omicron variant spike protein significantly enhances … Animal Models BALB/c mice K18-hACE2 mice RV-1731 Developer RNAImmune (US) Guangzhou RNAimmune (China) Name RV-1731 Print Vaccine Candidate Overview Adjuvant None Phase Preclinical Vaccine Platform Nucleic acid/nanoparticle Route of Administration Intramuscular Specific antigen Prefusion stablized SARS-CoV-2 spike protein based on the Delta and BA.1 variants R&D Status Active Currently in development Research Preclinical Studies Preclinical Publication(s) S6P mutation in Delta and Omicron variant spike protein significantly enhances … Animal Models BALB/c mice RBD-HR/trimer Developer Sichuan University (China) Name RBD-HR/trimer Print Vaccine Candidate Overview Adjuvant MF59-like Phase Preclinical Vaccine Platform Protein subunit Route of Administration Intranasal Specific antigen RBD, HR1, and HR2 of the SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant R&D Status Active Currently in development Research Preclinical Studies Preclinical Publication(s) A self-assembled trimeric protein vaccine induces protective immunity against O… Intranasal boosting with RBD-HR protein vaccine elicits robust mucosal and syst… Animal Models NIH mice hACE2 mice Non-human primates (species not listed) SC2-RBD-cGAMP Developer Stanford University (USA) Name SC2-RBD-cGAMP Print Vaccine Candidate Overview Adjuvant cGAMP (STING agonist) Aluminum hydroxide Phase Preclinical Vaccine Platform Protein subunit Route of Administration Subcutaneous Specific antigen RBD of SARS-CoV-2 (strain not specified) R&D Status Active Currently in development Research Preclinical Studies Preclinical Publication(s) A cGAMP-Containing Hydrogel for Prolonged SARS-CoV-2 Receptor-Binding Domain Su… Animal Models C57BL/6 mice Spike-Hexapro-CAF09b Developer Statens Serum Institut (Denmark) University of Copenhagen (Denmark) Copenhagen University Hospital (Denmark) Name Spike-Hexapro-CAF09b Print Vaccine Candidate Overview Adjuvant CAF09b (TLR3 agonist Poly (I:C)) Phase Preclinical Vaccine Platform Protein subunit Route of Administration Intranasal Specific antigen Recombinant SARS-CoV-2 prefusion-stabilised spike ectodomain HexaPro trimer (strain not specified) R&D Status Active Currently in development Research Preclinical Studies Preclinical Publication(s) Beta RBD boost broadens antibody-mediated protection against SARS-CoV-2 variant… Intranasal recombinant protein subunit vaccine targeting TLR3 induces respirato… Animal Models K18-hACE2 mice Syrian hamsters Rhesus macaques FP-HR5-NP Developer Sun Yat-sen University (China) Guangzhou National Laboratory (China) Guangzhou Medical University (China) Name FP-HR5-NP Print Vaccine Candidate Overview Adjuvant Sigma Adjuvant System (subcutaneous route) Phase Preclinical Vaccine Platform Nanoparticle Route of Administration Intranasal Subcutaneous Specific antigen Conserved FP, HR1, and HR2 of the SARS-CoV-2 S2 subunit R&D Status Active Currently in development Research Preclinical Studies Preclinical Publication(s) Targeting heptad repeats and fusion peptide: nanoparticle vaccine elicits mucos… Animal Models C57BL/6 mice hACE2 mice IM-Gel Developer Sungkyunkwan University (South Korea) Chungnam National University (South Korea) Osong Medical Innovation Foundation (South Korea) Name IM-Gel Print Vaccine Candidate Overview Adjuvant IM-Gel (TLR7/8 agonist) Phase Preclinical Vaccine Platform Nanoparticle Route of Administration Intra-lymph node Specific antigen Spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 (strain not specified) R&D Status Active Currently in development Research Preclinical Studies Preclinical Publication(s) Spatiotemporal Dynamic Immunomodulation by Infection-Mimicking Gels Enhances Br… Animal Models C57BL/6 mice BALB/c mice Nc-SwFN Developer Université de Tours (France) Université de Lille (France) INRAE (France) Université de Lyon (Frace) CHU Saint-Étienne (France) Epithelix Sarl (Switzerland) ANRS (France) Université Paris Saclay (France) Jules Verne University of Picardie (France) Université Paris-Est (France) Name Nc-SwFN Print Vaccine Candidate Overview Adjuvant None Phase Preclinical Vaccine Platform Protein subunit Route of Administration Intranasal Specific antigen Spike protein ectodomain and nucleocapsid of the Wuhan-Hu-1 virus R&D Status Active Currently in development Research Preclinical Studies Preclinical Publication(s) Intranasal spike and nucleoprotein fusion protein-based vaccine provides cross-… Animal Models BALB/c mice K18-hACE2 mice Syrian hamsters S-delRBD-LV Developer Université Paris Saclay (France) University of Amsterdam (Netherlands) Institut Pasteur (France) Université Grenoble Alpes (France) Name S-delRBD-LV Print Vaccine Candidate Overview Adjuvant Monophospholipid A Phase Preclinical Vaccine Platform Nanoparticle Route of Administration Intramuscular Specific antigen Spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 (strain not specified) without the RBD R&D Status Active Currently in development Research Preclinical Studies Preclinical Publication(s) RBD-depleted SARS-CoV-2 spike generates protective immunity in cynomolgus macaq… Animal Models Cynomolgus macaques LP-Mix Developer University of Alberta (Canada) Name LP-Mix Print Vaccine Candidate Overview Adjuvant HKCC Phase Preclinical Vaccine Platform Protein subunit Route of Administration Intranasal Specific antigen Peptides from the spike, membrane, and nucleocapsid proteins of SARS-CoV-2 (strain not specified) R&D Status Active Currently in development Research Preclinical Studies Preclinical Publication(s) Mixed lipopeptide-based mucosal vaccine candidate induces cross-variant immunit… Animal Models C57BL/6 mice Syrian hamsters Wuhan-S-virosome Developer University of Amsterdam (Netherlands) Name Wuhan-S-virosome Print Vaccine Candidate Overview Adjuvant 3M-052 (TLR7/8 agonist) Phase Preclinical Vaccine Platform Virus-like particle Route of Administration Subcutaneous Specific antigen Pre-fusion Spike ectodomains based on the SARS-CoV-2 Wuhan-Hu-1 or Beta variant viruses R&D Status Active Currently in development Research Preclinical Studies Preclinical Publication(s) A SARS-CoV-2 Wuhan spike virosome vaccine induces superior neutralization bread… Animal Models BALB/cAnNCrl mice rLVS-capB/MN Developer University of California-Los Angeles (US) University of Queensland (Australia) Colorado State University (US) Name rLVS-capB/MN Print Vaccine Candidate Overview Adjuvant None Phase Preclinical Vaccine Platform Bacterial vector Route of Administration Intranasal Oral Specific antigen Live attenuated recombinant LVS with a capB deletion expressing a plasmid-encoded SARS-CoV-2 membrane and nucleocapsid proteins; with or without expression of RdRp R&D Status Active Currently in development Research Preclinical Studies Preclinical Publication(s) Universal Bacterium-Vectored COVID-19 Vaccine Expressing Early SARS-CoV-2 Conse… Animal Models Syrian hamsters RBD-MSA Developer University of Oslo (Norway) MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology (UK) Aarhus University (Denmark) The Scripps Research Institute (US) The Jackson Laboratory (USA) Name RBD-MSA Print Vaccine Candidate Overview Adjuvant CpG 1826 Phase Preclinical Vaccine Platform Protein subunit Route of Administration Intranasal Specific antigen RBD of the SARS-CoV-2 Wuhan-Hu-1 virus R&D Status Active Currently in development Research Preclinical Studies Preclinical Publication(s) An intranasal subunit vaccine induces protective systemic and mucosal antibody … Animal Models BALB/c mice K18-hACE2 mice Tg32-hFc mice rS1RS09 Developer University of Pittsburgh (US) IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo (Italy) University of Pavia (Italy) Name rS1RS09 Print Vaccine Candidate Overview Adjuvant RS09 (TLR4 agonist) Phase Preclinical Vaccine Platform Protein subunit Route of Administration Patch Specific antigen S1 subunit of the SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant R&D Status Active Currently in development Research Preclinical Studies Preclinical Publication(s) The Long-Term Immunity of a Microneedle Array Patch of a SARS-CoV-2 S1 Protein … Animal Models BALB/c mice ICR mice TA-mRNA-SC2 Developer University of Pittsburgh (US) Pennsylvania State University (US) Name TA-mRNA-SC2 Print Vaccine Candidate Overview Adjuvant None Phase Preclinical Vaccine Platform Nucleic acid Route of Administration Intradermal Specific antigen Codon-optimized and stabilized consensus Spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 R&D Status Active Currently in development Research Preclinical Studies Preclinical Publication(s) Trans amplifying mRNA vaccine expressing consensus spike elicits broad neutrali… Animal Models K18-hACE2 mice HD-MAP-Delta-6P Developer University of Queensland (Australia) Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre (Australia) Vaxxas (Australia) Technovalia (Australia) BioNet-Asia (Thailand) Name HD-MAP-Delta-6P Print Vaccine Candidate Overview Adjuvant None Phase Preclinical Vaccine Platform Nucleic acid/plasmid Route of Administration Patch Specific antigen Full-length Spike protein of the SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant with stabilizing proline mutations and mutated furin cleavage site R&D Status Active Currently in development Research Preclinical Studies Preclinical Publication(s) Skin patch delivery of a SARS-CoV-2 spike DNA vaccine produces broad neutralisi… Animal Models BALB/c mice VIDO4372 Developer University of Saskatchewan (Canada) Name VIDO4372 Print Vaccine Candidate Overview Adjuvant Sepivac SWE Phase Preclinical Vaccine Platform Protein subunit Route of Administration Intramuscular Specific antigen S1 domain of the Spike protein based on the SARS-CoV-2 Wuhan-Hu-1 virus, and RBDs of the SARS-CoV-2 Beta, Delta, and Omicron (BA.1) variants R&D Status Active Currently in development Research Preclinical Studies Preclinical Publication(s) Efficacy of a stable broadly protective subunit vaccine platform against SARS-C… Animal Models BALB/c mice Syrian hamsters VLP1/VLP2 Developer University of Saskatchewan (Canada) Name VLP1/VLP2 Print Vaccine Candidate Overview Adjuvant None Phase Preclinical Vaccine Platform Virus-like particle Route of Administration Intramuscular Specific antigen Codon-optimized SARS-CoV-2 Spike (Wuhan-Hu-1 or Omicron), membrane (Wuhan-Hu-1), envelope (Wuhan-Hu-1), and nucleocapsid (Wuhan-Hu-1) proteins R&D Status Active Currently in development Research Preclinical Studies Preclinical Publication(s) Immunogenicity of virus-like particle vaccine candidates against SARS-CoV-2 inf… Animal Models BALB/c mice XBB.1.5-LNP-mRNA-RBD Developer University of Tokyo (Japan) Japan Institute for Health Security (Japan) University of Wisconsin-Madison (USA) Nezu Biotech (Germany) Daiichi Sankyo (Japan) Name XBB.1.5-LNP-mRNA-RBD Print Vaccine Candidate Overview Adjuvant None Phase Preclinical Vaccine Platform Nanoparticle Route of Administration Intramuscular Specific antigen RBD of the SARS-CoV-2 XBB.1.5 variant R&D Status Active Currently in development Research Preclinical Studies Preclinical Publication(s) An mRNA vaccine encoding the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron XBB.1.5 receptor-binding domain… Animal Models K18-hACE2 C57BL/6J mice HD-Ad-FS Developer University of Toronto (Canada) Name HD-Ad-FS Print Vaccine Candidate Overview Adjuvant None Phase Preclinical Vaccine Platform Viral vector Route of Administration Intranasal Specific antigen Full-length, codon-optimized Spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 (strain not specified) with two proline substitutions R&D Status Active Currently in development Research Preclinical Studies Preclinical Publication(s) Intranasal HD-Ad-FS vaccine induces systemic and airway mucosal immunities agai… Animal Models BALB/c mice hACE2 mice Hamsters (type not specified) SARS-CoV-2-delEM Developer University of Wisconsin-Madison (USA) University of Tokyo (Japan) National Center for Global Health and Medicine Research Institute (Japan) Name SARS-CoV-2-delEM Print Vaccine Candidate Overview Adjuvant None Phase Preclinical Vaccine Platform Live-attenuated Route of Administration Intranasal Specific antigen Live SARS-CoV-2 (Wuhan-Hu-1 virus) with deletions of ORFs encoding the envelope and matrix proteins R&D Status Active Currently in development Research Preclinical Studies Preclinical Publication(s) SARS-CoV-2 virus lacking the envelope and membrane open-reading frames as a vac… Animal Models K18-hACE2 mice Syrian hamsters VLS-SC2 Developer Weirui Biotechnology (Kunming) (China) Name VLS-SC2 Print Vaccine Candidate Overview Adjuvant None Phase Preclinical Vaccine Platform Nucleic acid/nanoparticle Route of Administration Intramuscular Specific antigen S1 of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein (strain not specified) R&D Status Active Currently in development Research Preclinical Studies Preclinical Publication(s) The characterization of technical design of a virus-like structure (VLS) nanode… Animal Models BALB/c mice SMEN-Beta Developer Yale School of Medicine (US) Name SMEN-Beta Print Vaccine Candidate Overview Adjuvant R848 (TLR7/TLR8 agonist) Phase Preclinical Vaccine Platform Virus-like particle Route of Administration Intranasal Intramuscular Aerosol Specific antigen Spike, membrane, envelope, and nucleocapsid proteins of the SARS-CoV-2 Beta variant R&D Status Active Currently in development Research Preclinical Studies Preclinical Publication(s) Beta Spike-Presenting SARS-CoV-2 Virus-like Particle Vaccine Confers Broad Prot… Animal Models K18-hACE2 mice C57BL/6J mice	ZSVG-02-O Developer CNBG (China) Virogin Biotech (Canada) Name ZSVG-02-O Print Vaccine Candidate Overview Adjuvant None Phase Phase 1 Vaccine Platform Nucleic acid/nanoparticle Route of Administration Intramuscular Specific antigen Codon-optimized full-length Spike protein based on the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron (BA.1) variant R&D Status Active Currently in development Research Preclinical Studies Preclinical Publication(s) Heterologous boost with mRNA vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 Delta/Omicron variants… Animal Models BALB/c mice H11-K18-hACE2 mice Trial 1 Trial 1 Registry ID NCT06113744 Trial 1 Location China Trial 1 Status Recruiting Trial 1 Phase Phase 1 Trial 1 Study Start Date 3/2023 Trial 1 Primary Completion Date 6/2023 Trial 1 Links NCT06113744 COV2-SAM-LNP Developer GlaxoSmithKline (UK) Name COV2-SAM-LNP Print Vaccine Candidate Overview Adjuvant None Phase Phase 1 Vaccine Platform Nucleic acid/nanoparticle Route of Administration Intramuscular Specific antigen Full-length, optimized Spike protein based on the SARS-CoV-2 Wuhan-Hu-1 virus with proline-stablizing mutations R&D Status Active Currently in development Research Preclinical Studies Preclinical Publication(s) A self-amplifying mRNA SARS-CoV-2 vaccine candidate induces safe and robust pro… Animal Models BALB/c mice Syrian hamsters Sprague-Dawley rats Trial 1 Trial 1 Registry ID NCT04758962 Trial 1 Location United States Trial 1 Status Completed Trial 1 Phase Phase 1 Trial 1 Study Start Date 2/2021 Trial 1 Primary Completion Date 6/2021 Trial 1 Study Completion Date 4/2022 Trial 1 Links NCT04758962 NB2155 Developer Guangzhou Medical University (China) Name NB2155 Print Vaccine Candidate Overview Adjuvant None Phase Phase 1 Vaccine Platform Viral vector Route of Administration Intranasal Specific antigen Codon-optimized full-length Spike protein based on the SARS-CoV-2 Wuhan-Hu-1 virus R&D Status Active Currently in development Research Preclinical Studies Preclinical Publication(s) An adenovirus-vectored COVID-19 vaccine confers protection from SARS-COV-2 chal… Intranasal booster using an Omicron vaccine confers broad mucosal and systemic … Animal Models BALB/c mice Rhesus macaques Trial 1 Trial 1 Registry ID ChiCTR2300070346 Trial 1 Location China Trial 1 Status Completed Trial 1 Study Start Date 11/2022 Trial 1 Links ChiCTR2300070346 An intranasally administered adenovirus-vectored SARS-CoV-2 vaccine induces rob… SC-Ad6-1 Developer Moat Biotechnology Corporation (US) Mayo Clinic (US) Name SC-Ad6-1 Print Vaccine Candidate Overview Adjuvant None Phase Phase 1 Vaccine Platform Viral vector Route of Administration Intranasal Intramuscular Aerosol Specific antigen Codon-optimized Spike protein from the SARS-CoV-2 HKU-SZ-002a 2020 virus R&D Status Active Currently in development Research Preclinical Studies Preclinical Publication(s) Comparison of replicating and nonreplicating vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 (Mudri… Animal Models BALB/c mice Syrian hamsters Trial 1 Trial 1 Registry ID NCT04839042 Trial 1 Location Australia Trial 1 Status Completed Trial 1 Phase Phase 1 Trial 1 Study Start Date 6/2021 Trial 1 Primary Completion Date 3/2025 Trial 1 Study Completion Date 3/2025 Trial 1 Links NCT04839042 B/HPIV3/S-6P Developer NIAID (US) Name B/HPIV3/S-6P Print Vaccine Candidate Overview Adjuvant None Phase Phase 1 Vaccine Platform Viral vector Route of Administration Intranasal Specific antigen Full-length modified Spike protein from SARS-CoV-2 (Wuhan-Hu-1) stabilized with six proline substitutions R&D Status Active Currently in development Research Preclinical Studies Preclinical Publication(s) Intranasal pediatric parainfluenza virus-vectored SARS-CoV-2 vaccine is protect… A single intranasal dose of a live-attenuated parainfluenza virus-vectored SARS… Live-attenuated pediatric parainfluenza vaccine expressing 6P-stabilized SARS-C… Animal Models Syrian hamsters Rhesus macaques Trial 1 Trial 1 Registry ID NCT06026514 Trial 1 Location United States Trial 1 Status Active, not recruiting Trial 1 Phase Phase 1 Trial 1 Study Start Date 9/2023 Trial 1 Primary Completion Date 1/2025 Trial 1 Study Completion Date 6/2025 Trial 1 Links NCT06026514 OVX033 Developer Osivax (France) Name OVX033 Print Vaccine Candidate Overview Adjuvant None Phase Phase 1 Vaccine Platform Nanoparticle Route of Administration Intramuscular Specific antigen Full length nucleocapside of the SARS-CoV-2 Wuhan-Hu-1 virus R&D Status Active Currently in development Research Preclinical Studies Preclinical Publication(s) OVX033, a nucleocapsid-based vaccine candidate, provides broad-spectrum protect… Animal Models Syrian hamsters Trial 1 Trial 1 Registry ID NCT06128382 Trial 1 Location France Trial 1 Status Completed Trial 1 Phase Phase 1 Trial 1 Study Start Date 1/2024 Trial 1 Primary Completion Date 7/2024 Trial 1 Study Completion Date 11/2024 Trial 1 Links NCT06128382 Prime-2-CoV_Beta Developer University Hospital Tuebingen (Germany) Name Prime-2-CoV_Beta Print Vaccine Candidate Overview Adjuvant None Phase Phase 1 Vaccine Platform Viral vector Route of Administration Intramuscular Specific antigen Nucleocapsid and Spike proteins based on the SARS-CoV-2 Wuhan-Hu-1 and Beta (K417N, E484K, N501Y) variant viruses R&D Status Active Currently in development Research Preclinical Studies Preclinical Publication(s) A multiantigenic Orf virus-based vaccine efficiently protects hamsters and nonh… Animal Models Syrian hamsters Rhesus macaques Trial 1 Trial 1 Registry ID NCT05389319 Trial 1 Location Germany Trial 1 Status Suspended Trial 1 Phase Phase 1 Trial 1 Study Start Date 6/2022 Trial 1 Primary Completion Date 8/2027 Trial 1 Study Completion Date 8/2028 Trial 1 Links NCT05389319 First-in-Human Phase I Trial to Assess the Safety and Immunogenicity of an Orf … RH109 Developer Rhegen Biotechnology (China) Name RH109 Print Vaccine Candidate Overview Adjuvant None Phase Phase 1 Vaccine Platform Nucleic acid/nanoparticle Route of Administration Intramuscular Specific antigen NTD and RBD from SARS-CoV-2 Wuhan-Hu-1, Delta, and Omicron viruses R&D Status Inactive No longer in development Research Preclinical Studies Preclinical Publication(s) Lyophilized mRNA-lipid nanoparticle vaccines with long-term stability and high … Animal Models BALB/c mice C57BL/6 mice New Zealand rabbits Rhesus macaques Trial 1 Trial 1 Registry ID NCT05366296 Trial 1 Location Unknown Trial 1 Status Withdrawn Trial 1 Phase Phase 1 Trial 1 Study Start Date 7/2022 Trial 1 Primary Completion Date 9/2022 Trial 1 Study Completion Date 1/2023 Trial 1 Links NCT05366296 Trial 2 Trial 2 Registry ID NCT05609045 Trial 2 Location Unknown Trial 2 Status Withdrawn Trial 2 Phase Phase 1 Trial 2 Study Start Date 6/2023 Trial 2 Primary Completion Date 8/2023 Trial 2 Study Completion Date 12/2023 Trial 2 Links NCT05609045 Sclamp Developer University of Queensland (Australia) Name Sclamp Print Vaccine Candidate Overview Adjuvant MF59 Phase Phase 1 Vaccine Platform Protein subunit Route of Administration Intramuscular Specific antigen Modified Spike protein based on the SARS-CoV-2 Wuhan-Hu-1 virus R&D Status Inactive No longer in development Research Preclinical Studies Preclinical Publication(s) Preclinical development of a molecular clamp-stabilised subunit vaccine for sev… Animal Models BALB/c mice Syrian hamsters Trial 1 Trial 1 Registry ID NCT04495933 Trial 1 Location Australia Trial 1 Status Completed Trial 1 Phase Phase 1 Trial 1 Study Start Date 7/2020 Trial 1 Primary Completion Date 4/2024 Trial 1 Study Completion Date 4/2024 Trial 1 Links NCT04495933 Key Sources Molecular clamp vaccines: lessons from a setback	Baiya-SARS-CoV-2-Vax2 Developer Baiya Phytopharm (Thailand) Name Baiya-SARS-CoV-2-Vax2 Print Vaccine Candidate Overview Adjuvant 3M-052 (TLR7/8 agonist) Aluminum hydroxide Phase Phase 2 Vaccine Platform Protein subunit Route of Administration Intramuscular Specific antigen Codon-optimized Spike RBD of SARS-CoV-2 (strain not specified) R&D Status Active Currently in development Research Preclinical Studies Preclinical Publication(s) Preclinical evaluation of immunogenicity, efficacy and safety of a recombinant … Animal Models K18-hACE2 mice Cynomolgus macaques Sprague-Dawley rats Trial 1 Trial 1 Registry ID NCT04953078 Trial 1 Location Thailand Trial 1 Status Completed Trial 1 Phase Phase 1 Trial 1 Study Start Date 9/2021 Trial 1 Primary Completion Date 12/2021 Trial 1 Study Completion Date 11/2022 Trial 1 Links NCT04953078 Trial 2 Trial 2 Registry ID NCT05873374 Trial 2 Location Thailand Trial 2 Status Not yet recruiting Trial 2 Phase Phase 2 Trial 2 Study Start Date 12/2023 Trial 2 Primary Completion Date 3/2024 Trial 2 Study Completion Date 8/2024 Trial 2 Links NCT05873374 SYS6006 Developer CSPC ZhongQi Pharmaceutical Technology (China) Name SYS6006 Print Vaccine Candidate Overview Adjuvant None Phase Phase 2 Vaccine Platform Nucleic acid/nanoparticle Route of Administration Intramuscular Specific antigen Full-length Spike of SARS-CoV-2 with 2 stabilizing proline mutations (strain not specified) R&D Status Active Currently in development Research Preclinical Studies Preclinical Publication(s) A novel mRNA vaccine, SYS6006, against SARS-CoV-2 (Xu 2023) Animal Models BALB/c mice hACE2 trasngenic mice Cynomolgus macaques Trial 1 Trial 1 Registry ID NCT05354089 Trial 1 Location China Trial 1 Status Unknown Trial 1 Phase Phase 1 Trial 1 Study Start Date 4/2022 Trial 1 Primary Completion Date 7/2022 Trial 1 Study Completion Date 10/2023 Trial 1 Links NCT05354089 Safety and immunogenicity of primary vaccination with a SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine… Trial 2 Trial 2 Registry ID NCT05354063 Trial 2 Location China Trial 2 Status Unknown Trial 2 Phase Phase 1 Trial 2 Study Start Date 6/2022 Trial 2 Primary Completion Date 9/2022 Trial 2 Study Completion Date 10/2023 Trial 2 Links NCT05354063 Safety and immunogenicity of primary vaccination with a SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine… Trial 3 Trial 3 Registry ID NCT05439824 Trial 3 Location China Trial 3 Status Unknown Trial 3 Phase Phase 2 Trial 3 Study Start Date 6/2022 Trial 3 Primary Completion Date 1/2023 Trial 3 Study Completion Date 6/2023 Trial 3 Links NCT05439824 Immunogenicity and safety of a SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine (SYS6006) in healthy Chi… Long-term immunogenicity and safety of heterologous boosting with a SARS-CoV-2 … CVXGA Developer CyanVac (US) Name CVXGA Print Vaccine Candidate Overview Adjuvant Imject (aluminum hydroxide and magnesium hydroxide) Phase Phase 2 Vaccine Platform Viral vector Route of Administration Intranasal Specific antigen RBD based on the SARS-CoV-2 Wuhan-Hu-1 virus R&D Status Active Currently in development Research Preclinical Studies Preclinical Publication(s) Efficacy of Parainfluenza Virus 5 (PIV5)-vectored Intranasal COVID-19 Vaccine a… Protection of K18-hACE2 mice and ferrets against SARS-CoV-2 challenge by a sing… Efficacy of parainfluenza virus 5 (PIV5)-vectored intranasal COVID-19 vaccine a… A parainfluenza virus 5 (PIV5)-vectored intranasal SARS-CoV-2 vaccine (CVXGA1) … Animal Models K18-hACE2 mice Fitch ferrets African green monkeys Trial 1 Trial 1 Registry ID NCT04954287 Trial 1 Location United States Trial 1 Status Completed Trial 1 Phase Phase 1 Trial 1 Study Start Date 8/2021 Trial 1 Primary Completion Date 6/2023 Trial 1 Study Completion Date 6/2023 Trial 1 Links NCT04954287 Trial 2 Trial 2 Registry ID NCT05736835 Trial 2 Location United States Trial 2 Status Completed Trial 2 Phase Phase 2 Trial 2 Study Start Date 6/2023 Trial 2 Primary Completion Date 7/2024 Trial 2 Study Completion Date 10/2024 Trial 2 Links NCT05736835 Trial 3 Trial 3 Registry ID NCT06742281 Trial 3 Location United States Trial 3 Status Recruiting Trial 3 Phase Phase 2 Trial 3 Study Start Date 12/2024 Trial 3 Primary Completion Date 6/2026 Trial 3 Study Completion Date 6/2026 Trial 3 Links NCT06742281 GLS-5310 Developer GeneOne Life Science (South Korea) Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency (South Korea) Rutgers University (US) University of Tennessee (US) PharmaJet Inc (US) Bioqual (US) Wistar Institute (US) Name GLS-5310 Print Vaccine Candidate Overview Adjuvant None Phase Phase 2 Vaccine Platform Nucleic acid/plasmid Route of Administration Intradermal Intranasal Specific antigen SARS-CoV-2 Spike and ORF3a consensus sequences generated from publicly available WGS data through February 2020 R&D Status Active Currently in development Research Preclinical Studies Preclinical Publication(s) Immune Responses of a Novel Bi-Cistronic SARS-CoV-2 DNA Vaccine Following Intra… Animal Models BALB/c mice Sprague-Dawley rats Trial 1 Trial 1 Registry ID NCT04673149 Trial 1 Location South Korea Trial 1 Status Completed Trial 1 Phase Phase 2 Trial 1 Study Start Date 12/2020 Trial 1 Primary Completion Date 3/2021 Trial 1 Study Completion Date 5/2023 Trial 1 Links NCT04673149 Immune Responses of a Novel Bi-Cistronic SARS-CoV-2 DNA Vaccine Following Intra… Safety and immunogenicity of the bi-cistronic GLS-5310 COVID-19 DNA vaccine del… Immune response enhancement with GLS-5310 DNA primary vaccine against SARS-CoV-… Trial 2 Trial 2 Registry ID NCT05085639 Trial 2 Location Puerto Rico Trial 2 Status Unknown Trial 2 Phase Phase 1 Trial 2 Study Start Date 11/2021 Trial 2 Primary Completion Date 4/2022 Trial 2 Study Completion Date 12/2022 Trial 2 Links NCT05085639 Trial 3 Trial 3 Registry ID NCT05182567 Trial 3 Location United States, Puerto Rico Trial 3 Status Unknown Trial 3 Phase Phase 1 Trial 3 Study Start Date 5/2022 Trial 3 Primary Completion Date 1/2023 Trial 3 Study Completion Date 12/2023 Trial 3 Links NCT05182567 Prevention of incident SARS-CoV-2 infection through combined intranasal and int… GEO-CM04S1 Developer Geovax (US) Name GEO-CM04S1 Print Vaccine Candidate Overview Adjuvant None Phase Phase 2 Vaccine Platform Viral vector Route of Administration Intramuscular Specific antigen Full-length, unmodified Spike and Nucleocapsid antigen sequences based on the SARS-CoV-2 Wuhan-Hu-1 virus R&D Status Active Currently in development Research Preclinical Studies Preclinical Publication(s) COH04S1 and beta sequence-modified vaccine protect hamsters from SARS-CoV-2 var… Synthetic multiantigen MVA vaccine COH04S1 and variant-specific derivatives pro… Animal Models Syrian hamsters Trial 1 Trial 1 Registry ID NCT04639466 Trial 1 Location United States Trial 1 Status Active, not recruiting Trial 1 Phase Phase 2 Trial 1 Study Start Date 11/2020 Trial 1 Primary Completion Date 3/2025 Trial 1 Study Completion Date 6/2025 Trial 1 Links NCT04639466 Safety and immunogenicity of a synthetic multiantigen modified vaccinia virus A… Trial 2 Trial 2 Registry ID NCT04977024 Trial 2 Location United States Trial 2 Status Recruiting Trial 2 Phase Phase 2 Trial 2 Study Start Date 9/2021 Trial 2 Primary Completion Date 12/2026 Trial 2 Study Completion Date 12/2027 Trial 2 Links NCT04977024 ICCOV Developer Immuno Cure (Hong Kong SAR, China) University of Hong Kong (Hong Kong SAR, China) Name ICCOV Print Vaccine Candidate Overview Adjuvant None Phase Phase 2 Vaccine Platform Viral vector Route of Administration Intramuscular Specific antigen RBD of SARS-CoV-2 (strain not specified) R&D Status Active Currently in development Research Preclinical Studies Preclinical Publication(s) Nasal prevention of SARS-CoV-2 infection by intranasal influenza-based boost va… Animal Models BALB/c mice K18-hACE2 mice Trial 1 Trial 1 Registry ID NCT05904054 Trial 1 Location Hong Kong Trial 1 Status Completed Trial 1 Phase Phase 2 Trial 1 Study Start Date 6/2023 Trial 1 Primary Completion Date 12/2023 Trial 1 Study Completion Date 5/2024 Trial 1 Links NCT05904054 An open-label study on the safety and immunogenicity of a PD-1-enhanced DNA vac… ReCoV Developer Jiangsu Rec-Biotechnology (China) Name ReCoV Print Vaccine Candidate Overview Adjuvant BFA03 (AS03-like) Phase Phase 2 Vaccine Platform Protein subunit Route of Administration Intramuscular Specific antigen RBD and NTD from the SARS-CoV-2 Wuhan-Hu-1 virus R&D Status Active Currently in development Research Preclinical Studies Preclinical Publication(s) A trimeric NTD and RBD SARS-CoV-2 subunit vaccine induced protective immunity i… Animal Models BALB/c mice CAG-hACE2 mice Rabbits Rhesus macaques Trial 1 Trial 1 Registry ID NCT04818801 Trial 1 Location New Zealand Trial 1 Status Completed Trial 1 Phase Phase 1 Trial 1 Study Start Date 6/2021 Trial 1 Primary Completion Date 5/2022 Trial 1 Study Completion Date 5/2022 Trial 1 Links NCT04818801 Trial 2 Trial 2 Registry ID NCT05084989 Trial 2 Location Philippines Trial 2 Status Completed Trial 2 Phase Phase 2 Trial 2 Study Start Date 1/2022 Trial 2 Primary Completion Date 8/2022 Trial 2 Study Completion Date 2/2023 Trial 2 Links NCT05084989 Trial 3 Trial 3 Registry ID NCT05323435 Trial 3 Location United Arab Emirates Trial 3 Status Completed Trial 3 Phase Phase 2 Trial 3 Study Start Date 5/2022 Trial 3 Primary Completion Date 7/2022 Trial 3 Study Completion Date 1/2023 Trial 3 Links NCT05323435 ChAd-triCoV/Mac Developer McMaster University (Canada) Name ChAd-triCoV/Mac Print Vaccine Candidate Overview Adjuvant None Phase Phase 2 Vaccine Platform Viral vector Route of Administration Aerosol Specific antigen S1 domain of the Spike protein, full-length nucleocapsid, and partial RdRp of SARS-CoV-2 (strain not specified) R&D Status Active Currently in development Research Preclinical Studies Preclinical Publication(s) Respiratory mucosal delivery of next-generation COVID-19 vaccine provides robus… Animal Models BALB/c mice (wild type; B cell KO) K18-hACE2 mice Trial 1 Trial 1 Registry ID NCT05094609 Trial 1 Location Canada Trial 1 Status Completed Trial 1 Phase Phase 1 Trial 1 Study Start Date 1/2022 Trial 1 Primary Completion Date 1/2025 Trial 1 Study Completion Date 1/2025 Trial 1 Links NCT05094609 Trial 2 Trial 2 Registry ID NCT06381739 Trial 2 Location Canada Trial 2 Status Recruiting Trial 2 Phase Phase 2 Trial 2 Study Start Date 3/2025 Trial 2 Primary Completion Date 7/2026 Trial 2 Study Completion Date 1/2027 Trial 2 Links NCT06381739 AeroVax: study protocol for a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, pha… ZR-202-CoV Developer Shanghai Zerun Biotechnology (China) Name ZR-202-CoV Print Vaccine Candidate Overview Adjuvant Aluminum hydroxide CpG 7909 Phase Phase 2 Vaccine Platform Protein subunit Route of Administration Intramuscular Specific antigen Modified Spike ectodomain, RBD, and S1 from SARS-CoV-2 (strain not specified) R&D Status Active Currently in development Research Preclinical Studies Preclinical Publication(s) Development of recombinant COVID-19 vaccine based on CHO-produced, prefusion sp… A potent, broadly protective vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (Wa… Animal Models BALB/c mice Cynomolgus macaques Syrian hamsters Trial 1 Trial 1 Registry ID NCT04982068 Trial 1 Location China Trial 1 Status Unknown Trial 1 Phase Phase 1 Trial 1 Study Start Date 7/2021 Trial 1 Primary Completion Date 10/2021 Trial 1 Study Completion Date 6/2023 Trial 1 Links NCT04982068 Trial 2 Trial 2 Registry ID NCT04990544 Trial 2 Location China Trial 2 Status Unknown Trial 2 Phase Phase 2 Trial 2 Study Start Date 7/2021 Trial 2 Primary Completion Date 4/2022 Trial 2 Study Completion Date 11/2023 Trial 2 Links NCT04990544 Trial 3 Trial 3 Registry ID NCT05313022 Trial 3 Location China Trial 3 Status Unknown Trial 3 Phase Phase 2 Trial 3 Study Start Date 1/2022 Trial 3 Primary Completion Date 5/2022 Trial 3 Study Completion Date 6/2023 Trial 3 Links NCT05313022 Trial 4 Trial 4 Registry ID NCT05490108 Trial 4 Location Mali Trial 4 Status Unknown Trial 4 Phase Phase 2 Trial 4 Study Start Date 6/2022 Trial 4 Study Completion Date 8/2023 Trial 4 Primary Completion Date 9/2022 Trial 4 Links NCT05490108 Safety, reactogenicity, and immunogenicity of ZR-202-CoV and ZR-202a-CoV recomb… ChulaCov19 Developer Technovalia (Australia) Name ChulaCov19 Print Vaccine Candidate Overview Adjuvant None Phase Phase 2 Vaccine Platform Nanoparticle Route of Administration Intramuscular Specific antigen Ectodomain of the SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein based on the Wuhan-Hu-1 virus R&D Status Active Currently in development Research Preclinical Studies Preclinical Publication(s) Immunogenicity and protective efficacy of SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine encoding secr… Animal Models BALB/c mice Trial 1 Trial 1 Registry ID NCT04566276 Trial 1 Location Thailand Trial 1 Status Completed Trial 1 Phase Phase 2 Trial 1 Study Start Date 5/2021 Trial 1 Primary Completion Date 10/2022 Trial 1 Study Completion Date 12/2022 Trial 1 Links NCT04566276 Safety and immunogenicity of a prefusion non-stabilized spike protein mRNA COVI… Phase II prefusion non-stabilised Covid-19 mRNA vaccine randomised study (Putha… Trial 2 Trial 2 Registry ID NCT05231369 Trial 2 Location Thailand Trial 2 Status Unknown Trial 2 Phase Phase 1 Trial 2 Study Start Date 12/2022 Trial 2 Primary Completion Date 7/2023 Trial 2 Study Completion Date 7/2023 Trial 2 Links NCT05231369 Trial 3 Trial 3 Registry ID NCT05605470 Trial 3 Location Australia Trial 3 Status Completed Trial 3 Phase Phase 2 Trial 3 Study Start Date 1/2023 Trial 3 Primary Completion Date 7/2024 Trial 3 Study Completion Date 11/2024 Trial 3 Links NCT05605470 Trial 4 Trial 4 Registry ID NCT05930730 Trial 4 Location Thailand Trial 4 Status Recruiting Trial 4 Phase Phase 2 Trial 4 Study Start Date 10/2023 Trial 4 Study Completion Date 2/2024 Trial 4 Primary Completion Date 2/2024 Trial 4 Links NCT05930730 VXA-CoV2 Developer Vaxart (US) Name VXA-CoV2 Print Vaccine Candidate Overview Adjuvant TLR3 agonist Phase Phase 2 Vaccine Platform Viral vector Route of Administration Oral Specific antigen Full-length Spike and Nucleocapsid based on the SARS-CoV-2 Wuhan-Hu-1 virus R&D Status Active Currently in development Research Preclinical Studies Preclinical Publication(s) Oral Vaccination Protects Against Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus… Adenovirus type 5 SARS-CoV-2 vaccines delivered orally or intranasally reduced … Animal Models Syrian hamsters Trial 1 Trial 1 Registry ID NCT04563702 Trial 1 Location United States Trial 1 Status Completed Trial 1 Phase Phase 1 Trial 1 Study Start Date 9/2020 Trial 1 Primary Completion Date 10/2021 Trial 1 Study Completion Date 10/2021 Trial 1 Links NCT04563702 589. Oral Tablet Vaccination Induces Heightened Cross-Reactive CD8 T Cell Respo… SARS-CoV-2 oral tablet vaccination induces neutralizing mucosal IgA in a phase … Trial 2 Trial 2 Registry ID NCT05067933 Trial 2 Location United States Trial 2 Status Terminated Trial 2 Phase Phase 2 Trial 2 Study Start Date 10/2021 Trial 2 Primary Completion Date 6/2022 Trial 2 Study Completion Date 5/2023 Trial 2 Links NCT05067933 Trial 3 Trial 3 Registry ID NCT06672055 Trial 3 Location United States Trial 3 Status Recruiting Trial 3 Phase Phase 2 Trial 3 Study Start Date 10/2024 Trial 3 Primary Completion Date 11/2026 Trial 3 Study Completion Date 11/2026 Trial 3 Links NCT06672055 Key Sources Vaxart’s Oral COVID vaccine candidate: An easy pill to swallow AAHI-SC2 Developer ImmunityBio (US) Name AAHI-SC2 Print Vaccine Candidate Overview Adjuvant None Phase Phase 2 Vaccine Platform Nanoparticle Route of Administration Intramuscular Specific antigen Codon-optimized, full length Spike protein of the SARS-CoV-2 Wuhan-Hu-1 virus containing D614G and stabilizing proline mutations R&D Status Inactive No longer in development Research Preclinical Studies Preclinical Publication(s) Heterologous saRNA Prime, DNA Dual-Antigen Boost SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination Elicits… A self-amplifying RNA vaccine against COVID-19 with long-term room-temperature … Animal Models CD-1 mice C57BL/6J mice Trial 1 Trial 1 Registry ID NCT05370040 Trial 1 Location South Africa Trial 1 Status Terminated Trial 1 Phase Phase 2 Trial 1 Study Start Date 5/2022 Trial 1 Primary Completion Date 3/2024 Trial 1 Study Completion Date 3/2024 Trial 1 Links NCT05370040 COVID-eVax Developer Takis Biotech (Italy) Name COVID-eVax Print Vaccine Candidate Overview Adjuvant None Phase Phase 2 Vaccine Platform Nucleic acid/nanoparticle Route of Administration Intramuscular with electroporation Specific antigen RBD based on the SARS-CoV-2 Wuhan-Hu-1 virus R&D Status Inactive No longer in development Research Preclinical Studies Preclinical Publication(s) COVID-eVax, an electroporated DNA vaccine candidate encoding the SARS-CoV-2 RBD… Animal Models K18-hACE2 mice Ferrets Trial 1 Trial 1 Registry ID NCT04788459 Trial 1 Location Italy Trial 1 Status Terminated Trial 1 Phase Phase 2 Trial 1 Study Start Date 2/2021 Trial 1 Primary Completion Date 12/2021 Trial 1 Study Completion Date 12/2021 Trial 1 Links NCT04788459 A first-in-human trial on the safety and immunogenicity of COVID-eVax, a cellul… MVA-SARS-2-S Developer University of Hamburg-Eppendorf (Germany) Name MVA-SARS-2-S Print Vaccine Candidate Overview Adjuvant None Phase Phase 2 Vaccine Platform Viral vector Route of Administration Intramuscular Specific antigen Full-length Spike of SARS-CoV-2 (strain not specified) R&D Status Inactive No longer in development Research Preclinical Studies Preclinical Publication(s) COVID-19 Vaccine Candidates Based on Modified Vaccinia Virus Ankara Expressing … MVA-CoV2-S Vaccine Candidate Neutralizes Distinct Variants of Concern and Prote… Animal Models K18-hACE2 mice Syrian hamsters Trial 1 Trial 1 Registry ID NCT04569383 Trial 1 Location Germany Trial 1 Status Completed Trial 1 Phase Phase 1 Trial 1 Study Start Date 10/2020 Trial 1 Primary Completion Date 8/2021 Trial 1 Study Completion Date 8/2021 Trial 1 Links NCT04569383 Trial 2 Trial 2 Registry ID NCT05950776 Trial 2 Location None Trial 2 Status Withdrawn Trial 2 Phase Phase 2 Trial 2 Study Start Date 1/2021 Trial 2 Primary Completion Date 11/2022 Trial 2 Study Completion Date 11/2022 Trial 2 Links NCT05950776	DelNS1-nCoV-RBD Developer Beijing Wantai Biological Pharmacy Enterprise (China) University of Hong Kong (Hong Kong SAR, China) Name DelNS1-nCoV-RBD Print Vaccine Candidate Overview Adjuvant None Phase Phase 3 Vaccine Platform Viral vector Route of Administration Intranasal Specific antigen Modified RBD of SARS-CoV-2 (strain not specified) R&D Status Active Currently in development Research Preclinical Studies Preclinical Publication(s) Nasal prevention of SARS-CoV-2 infection by intranasal influenza-based boost va… An intranasal influenza virus-vectored vaccine prevents SARS-CoV-2 replication … Animal Models BALB/c mice K18-hACE2 mice Syrian hamsters Trial 1 Trial 1 Registry ID NCT04809389 Trial 1 Location Hong Kong Trial 1 Status Unknown Trial 1 Phase Phase 1 Trial 1 Study Start Date 3/2021 Trial 1 Primary Completion Date 9/2022 Trial 1 Study Completion Date 9/2022 Trial 1 Links NCT04809389 A Phase 1, Randomized, Double-Blinded, Placebo-Controlled and Dose-Escalation S… Trial 2 Trial 2 Registry ID ChiCTR2100051391 Trial 2 Location Philippines, South Africa, Colombia, Vietnam Trial 2 Status Completed Trial 2 Phase Phase 3 Trial 2 Study Start Date 12/2021 Trial 2 Study Completion Date 6/2023 Trial 2 Links ChiCTR2100051391 NDV-HXP-S Developer Butantan Institute (Brazil) Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (US) Name NDV-HXP-S Print Vaccine Candidate Overview Adjuvant None Phase Phase 3 Vaccine Platform Viral vector Route of Administration Intramuscular Specific antigen Modified full-length Spike proteins of the Beta, Delta, and Omicron SARS-CoV-2 variants R&D Status Active Currently in development Research Preclinical Studies Preclinical Publication(s) Trivalent NDV-HXP-S Vaccine Protects against Phylogenetically Distant SARS-CoV-… Mucosal multivalent NDV-based vaccine provides cross-reactive immune responses … Animal Models BALB/c mice Trial 1 Trial 1 Registry ID NCT04764422 Trial 1 Location Thailand Trial 1 Status Completed Trial 1 Phase Phase 2 Trial 1 Study Start Date 3/2021 Trial 1 Primary Completion Date 9/2022 Trial 1 Study Completion Date 9/2022 Trial 1 Links NCT04764422 An inactivated NDV-HXP-S COVID-19 vaccine elicits a higher proportion of neutra… Trial 2 Trial 2 Registry ID NCT04993209 Trial 2 Location Brazil Trial 2 Status Completed Trial 2 Phase Phase 1 Trial 2 Study Start Date 7/2021 Trial 2 Primary Completion Date 12/2021 Trial 2 Study Completion Date 11/2022 Trial 2 Links NCT04993209 An inactivated NDV-HXP-S COVID-19 vaccine elicits a higher proportion of neutra… Trial 3 Trial 3 Registry ID NCT05940194 Trial 3 Location Vietnam Trial 3 Status Completed Trial 3 Phase Phase 2 Trial 3 Study Start Date 8/2021 Trial 3 Primary Completion Date 10/2021 Trial 3 Study Completion Date 3/2022 Trial 3 Links NCT05940194 Trial 4 Trial 4 Registry ID NCT05354024 Trial 4 Location Brazil Trial 4 Status Completed Trial 4 Phase Phase 3 Trial 4 Study Start Date 2/2023 Trial 4 Study Completion Date 9/2024 Trial 4 Primary Completion Date 10/2023 Trial 4 Links NCT05354024 AdCLD-CoV19 Developer Cellid (South Korea) Name AdCLD-CoV19 Print Vaccine Candidate Overview Adjuvant None Phase Phase 3 Vaccine Platform Viral vector Route of Administration Intramuscular Specific antigen Codon-optimized, modified full-length Spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 (strain not specified) R&D Status Active Currently in development Research Preclinical Studies Preclinical Publication(s) The Chimeric Adenovirus (Ad5/35) Expressing Engineered Spike Protein Confers Im… Animal Models BALB/c mice Cynomolgus macaques Trial 1 Trial 1 Registry ID NCT04666012 Trial 1 Location South Korea Trial 1 Status Completed Trial 1 Phase Phase 2 Trial 1 Study Start Date 12/2020 Trial 1 Primary Completion Date 7/2021 Trial 1 Study Completion Date 3/2023 Trial 1 Links NCT04666012 Trial 2 Trial 2 Registry ID NCT05993325 Trial 2 Location Philippines, South Korea Trial 2 Status Active, not recruiting Trial 2 Phase Phase 3 Trial 2 Study Start Date 11/2023 Trial 2 Primary Completion Date 3/2025 Trial 2 Study Completion Date 11/2025 Trial 2 Links NCT05993325 VLA2001 Developer Centro de Estudios en Infectogía Pediatrica (Colombia) Name VLA2001 Print Vaccine Candidate Overview Adjuvant Aluminum hydroxide CpG 1018 Phase Phase 3 Vaccine Platform Inactivated Route of Administration Intramuscular Specific antigen Inactivated SARS-CoV-2 based on the hCoV-19/Italy/INMI1-isl/2020 virus R&D Status Active Currently in development Research Preclinical Studies Preclinical Publication(s) Immunogenicity and efficacy of VLA2001 vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 infection in … Animal Models BALB/c mice Cynomolgus macaques Trial 1 Trial 1 Registry ID NCT04671017 Trial 1 Location United Kingdom Trial 1 Status Completed Trial 1 Phase Phase 2 Trial 1 Study Start Date 12/2020 Trial 1 Primary Completion Date 2/2021 Trial 1 Study Completion Date 4/2022 Trial 1 Links NCT04671017 Safety and immunogenicity of the inactivated whole-virus adjuvanted COVID-19 va… Trial 2 Trial 2 Registry ID NCT04864561 Trial 2 Location United Kingdom Trial 2 Status Completed Trial 2 Phase Phase 3 Trial 2 Study Start Date 4/2021 Trial 2 Primary Completion Date 7/2021 Trial 2 Study Completion Date 3/2023 Trial 2 Links NCT04864561 Trial 3 Trial 3 Registry ID NCT04956224 Trial 3 Location New Zealand Trial 3 Status Completed Trial 3 Phase Phase 3 Trial 3 Study Start Date 8/2021 Trial 3 Primary Completion Date 11/2021 Trial 3 Study Completion Date 11/2022 Trial 3 Links NCT04956224 Trial 4 Trial 4 Registry ID NCT05364242 Trial 4 Location Netherlands, New Zealand Trial 4 Status Completed Trial 4 Phase Phase 3 Trial 4 Study Start Date 5/2022 Trial 4 Study Completion Date 5/2023 Trial 4 Primary Completion Date 9/2022 Trial 4 Links NCT05364242 Trial 5 Trial 5 Registry ID NCT05298644 Trial 5 Location None Trial 5 Status Withdrawn Trial 5 Phase Phase 3 Trial 5 Study Start Date 10/2022 Trial 5 Primary Completion Date 7/2023 Trial 5 Study Completion Date 8/2025 Trial 5 Links NCT05298644 Trial 6 Trial 6 Registry ID NCT05545683 Trial 6 Location Colombia Trial 6 Status Withdrawn Trial 6 Phase Phase 3 Trial 6 Study Start Date 12/2022 Trial 6 Primary Completion Date 3/2023 Trial 6 Study Completion Date 6/2024 Trial 6 Links NCT05545683 CoviLiv Developer Codagenix (US) Serum Institute of India (India) Name CoviLiv Print Vaccine Candidate Overview Adjuvant None Phase Phase 3 Vaccine Platform Live-attenuated Route of Administration Intranasal Specific antigen Codon-optimized Spike protein of the SARS-CoV-2 WA-1 virus R&D Status Active Currently in development Research Preclinical Studies Preclinical Publication(s) 577. COVI-VAC™, a Live Attenuated COVID-19 Vaccine, Provides Single Dose Protec… Animal Models Syrian hamsters Trial 1 Trial 1 Registry ID NCT04619628 Trial 1 Location United Kingdom Trial 1 Status Completed Trial 1 Phase Phase 1 Trial 1 Study Start Date 12/2020 Trial 1 Primary Completion Date 6/2021 Trial 1 Study Completion Date 5/2022 Trial 1 Links NCT04619628 1938. CoviLiv™, a Novel Intranasal Live-Attenuated COVID-19 Vaccine Candidate, … Trial 2 Trial 2 Registry ID ISRCTN15779782 Trial 2 Location Colombia, Kenya, Mali, Philippines, Sierra Leone, Switzerland Trial 2 Status Completed Trial 2 Phase Phase 3 Trial 2 Study Start Date 8/2021 Trial 2 Study Completion Date 10/2024 Trial 2 Links ISRCTN15779782 Key Sources Codagenix Announces BARDA Contract for Project NextGen Supporting Development o… Codagenix Initiates Dosing in Phase 3 Efficacy Trial of Intranasal COVID-19 Vac… CVnCoV Developer CureVac (Germany) GlaxoSmithKline (UK) Name CVnCoV Print Vaccine Candidate Overview Adjuvant None Phase Phase 3 Vaccine Platform Nucleic acid/nanoparticle Route of Administration Intramuscular Specific antigen Full-length Spike protein based on the SARS-CoV-2 BA.1 variant R&D Status Active Currently in development Research Preclinical Studies Preclinical Publication(s) Assessment of Immunogenicity and Efficacy of CV0501 mRNA-Based Omicron COVID-19… Animal Models Wistar rats Syrian hamsters Trial 1 Trial 1 Registry ID NCT04652102 Trial 1 Location Argentina, Belgium, Colombia, Dominican Republic, Germany, Mexico, Netherlands, Panama, Peru, Spain Trial 1 Status Completed Trial 1 Phase Phase 3 Trial 1 Study Start Date 12/2020 Trial 1 Primary Completion Date 6/2022 Trial 1 Study Completion Date 6/2022 Trial 1 Links NCT04652102 Trial 2 Trial 2 Registry ID NCT05477186 Trial 2 Location United States, Australia, Philippines Trial 2 Status Completed Trial 2 Phase Phase 1 Trial 2 Study Start Date 8/2022 Trial 2 Primary Completion Date 8/2023 Trial 2 Study Completion Date 8/2023 Trial 2 Links NCT05477186 Safety and immunogenicity of a modified mRNA-lipid nanoparticle vaccine candida… Turkovac Developer Health Institutes of Turkey (Turkey) Name Turkovac Print Vaccine Candidate Overview Adjuvant Aluminum hydroxide Phase Phase 3 Vaccine Platform Inactivated Route of Administration Intramuscular Specific antigen Inactived SARS-CoV-2 virus based on the hCoV-19/Turkey/ERAGEM-001/2020, Delta, or BA.5 variants R&D Status Active Currently in development Research Preclinical Studies Preclinical Publication(s) Efficacy of Inactivated Bivalent SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines Targeting Ancestral Strain… Animal Models K18-hACE2 mice Trial 1 Trial 1 Registry ID NCT04824391 Trial 1 Location Turkey Trial 1 Status Completed Trial 1 Phase Phase 2 Trial 1 Study Start Date 2/2021 Trial 1 Primary Completion Date 3/2022 Trial 1 Study Completion Date 3/2022 Trial 1 Links NCT04824391 Trial 2 Trial 2 Registry ID NCT04942405 Trial 2 Location Turkey Trial 2 Status Completed Trial 2 Phase Phase 3 Trial 2 Study Start Date 6/2021 Trial 2 Primary Completion Date 3/2023 Trial 2 Study Completion Date 2/2024 Trial 2 Links NCT04942405 mRNA-1283 Developer Moderna (US) Name mRNA-1283 Print Vaccine Candidate Overview Adjuvant None Phase Phase 3 Vaccine Platform Nucleic acid/nanoparticle Route of Administration Intramuscular Specific antigen RBD and NTD of the SARS-CoV-2 WA-1 virus R&D Status Active Currently in development Research Preclinical Studies Preclinical Publication(s) Domain-based mRNA vaccines encoding spike protein N-terminal and receptor bindi… Animal Models BALB/c mice K18-hACE2 mice Trial 1 Trial 1 Registry ID NCT04813796 Trial 1 Location United States Trial 1 Status Completed Trial 1 Phase Phase 1 Trial 1 Study Start Date 3/2021 Trial 1 Primary Completion Date 7/2023 Trial 1 Study Completion Date 7/2023 Trial 1 Links NCT04813796 Interim analysis of a phase 1 randomized clinical trial on the safety and immun… Trial 2 Trial 2 Registry ID NCT05137236 Trial 2 Location United States Trial 2 Status Completed Trial 2 Phase Phase 2 Trial 2 Study Start Date 12/2021 Trial 2 Primary Completion Date 3/2023 Trial 2 Study Completion Date 3/2023 Trial 2 Links NCT05137236 Trial 3 Trial 3 Registry ID NCT05815498 Trial 3 Location United States, Canada, Japan, United Kingdom Trial 3 Status Completed Trial 3 Phase Phase 3 Trial 3 Study Start Date 3/2023 Trial 3 Primary Completion Date 4/2025 Trial 3 Study Completion Date 4/2025 Trial 3 Links NCT05815498 Moderna Announces Positive Phase 3 Efficacy Data for mRNA-1283, the Company’s N… Key Sources Moderna Announces Positive Phase 3 Efficacy Data for mRNA-1283, the Company’s N… PTX-COVID19-B Developer Providence Therapeutics Holdings (Canada) Name PTX-COVID19-B Print Vaccine Candidate Overview Adjuvant None Phase Phase 3 Vaccine Platform Nucleic acid/nanoparticle Route of Administration Intramuscular Specific antigen Full-length spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 based on the Wuhan-Hu-1 virus modified with the D614G mutation R&D Status Active Currently in development Research Preclinical Studies Preclinical Publication(s) Preclinical evaluation of a SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine PTX-COVID19-B (Liu 2022) Animal Models C57BL/6 mice hACE2 mice BALB/c mice Syrian hamsters Trial 1 Trial 1 Registry ID NCT04765436 Trial 1 Location Canada Trial 1 Status Completed Trial 1 Phase Phase 1 Trial 1 Study Start Date 1/2021 Trial 1 Primary Completion Date 3/2022 Trial 1 Study Completion Date 3/2022 Trial 1 Links NCT04765436 Phase I randomized, observer-blinded, placebo-controlled study of a SARS-CoV-2 … Trial 2 Trial 2 Registry ID NCT05175742 Trial 2 Location Canada, South Africa Trial 2 Status Completed Trial 2 Phase Phase 2 Trial 2 Study Start Date 8/2021 Trial 2 Primary Completion Date 3/2023 Trial 2 Study Completion Date 3/2023 Trial 2 Links NCT05175742 Comparable safety and non-inferior immunogenicity of the SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccin… Trial 3 Trial 3 Registry ID NCT05534035 Trial 3 Location Unknown Trial 3 Status Unknown Trial 3 Phase Phase 3 Trial 3 Study Start Date 2/2023 Trial 3 Primary Completion Date 4/2023 Trial 3 Study Completion Date 10/2023 Trial 3 Links NCT05534035 COVAX-19/Spikogen Developer Vaxine (Australia) Name COVAX-19/Spikogen Print Vaccine Candidate Overview Adjuvant Advax-CpG55.2™ Phase Phase 3 Vaccine Platform Protein subunit Route of Administration Intramuscular Specific antigen Extracellular domain of the SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein based on the Wuhan-Hu-1 virus R&D Status Active Currently in development Research Preclinical Studies Preclinical Publication(s) A M2 protein-based universal influenza vaccine containing Advax-SM adjuvant pro… Covax-19/Spikogen® vaccine based on recombinant spike protein extracellular dom… Advax-CpG55.2-adjuvanted monovalent or trivalent SARS-CoV-2 recombinant spike p… An Advax-CpG55.2™ adjuvanted recombinant spike protein vaccine protects cynomol… Animal Models BL6 mice BALB/c mice Ferrets Syrian hamsters Cynomolgus macaques Trial 1 Trial 1 Registry ID NCT04453852 Trial 1 Location Australia Trial 1 Status Completed Trial 1 Phase Phase 1 Trial 1 Study Start Date 6/2020 Trial 1 Primary Completion Date 2/2021 Trial 1 Study Completion Date 4/2021 Trial 1 Links NCT04453852 Clinical development of SpikoGen®, an Advax-CpG55.2 adjuvanted recombinant spik… Trial 2 Trial 2 Registry ID NCT04944368 Trial 2 Location Iran Trial 2 Status Completed Trial 2 Phase Phase 2 Trial 2 Study Start Date 5/2021 Trial 2 Primary Completion Date 7/2021 Trial 2 Study Completion Date 12/2021 Trial 2 Links NCT04944368 Ability of SpikoGen®, an Advax-CpG adjuvanted recombinant spike protein vaccine… Clinical development of SpikoGen®, an Advax-CpG55.2 adjuvanted recombinant spik… Trial 3 Trial 3 Registry ID NCT05175625 Trial 3 Location Iran Trial 3 Status Completed Trial 3 Phase Phase 3 Trial 3 Study Start Date 12/2021 Trial 3 Primary Completion Date 12/2021 Trial 3 Study Completion Date 6/2022 Trial 3 Links NCT05175625 Ability of SpikoGen®, an Advax-CpG adjuvanted recombinant spike protein vaccine… Clinical development of SpikoGen®, an Advax-CpG55.2 adjuvanted recombinant spik… Trial 4 Trial 4 Registry ID NCT05279456 Trial 4 Location Australia Trial 4 Status Active, not recruiting Trial 4 Phase Phase 3 Trial 4 Study Start Date 8/2022 Trial 4 Study Completion Date 10/2024 Trial 4 Primary Completion Date 12/2023 Trial 4 Links NCT05279456 Clinical development of SpikoGen®, an Advax-CpG55.2 adjuvanted recombinant spik… Trial 5 Trial 5 Registry ID NCT05542862 Trial 5 Location Australia Trial 5 Status Active, not recruiting Trial 5 Phase Phase 3 Trial 5 Study Start Date 9/2022 Trial 5 Primary Completion Date 12/2023 Trial 5 Study Completion Date 10/2024 Trial 5 Links NCT05542862 Clinical development of SpikoGen®, an Advax-CpG55.2 adjuvanted recombinant spik… Immunogenicity and safety study of a single dose of SpikoGen vaccine as a heter… S-Trimer-PIKA Developer Yisheng Biopharma (China) Name S-Trimer-PIKA Print Vaccine Candidate Overview Adjuvant PIKA (synthetic analogue of dsRNA) Phase Phase 3 Vaccine Platform Protein subunit Route of Administration Intramuscular Specific antigen Trimeric form of prefusion stabilized full-length SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein (strain not specified) R&D Status Active Currently in development Research Preclinical Studies Preclinical Publication(s) Fast and long-lasting immune response to S-trimer COVID-19 vaccine adjuvanted b… Animal Models Rabbits hACE2 mice Cynomolgus macaques Trial 1 Trial 1 Registry ID NCT05463419 Trial 1 Location Philippines, United Arab Emirates Trial 1 Status Completed Trial 1 Phase Phase 3 Trial 1 Study Start Date 10/2022 Trial 1 Primary Completion Date 12/2023 Trial 1 Study Completion Date 4/2024 Trial 1 Links NCT05463419 Safety and immunogenicity of PIKA-adjuvanted recombinant SARS-CoV-2 spike prote… ABNCoV2 Developer Bavarian Nordic (Denmark) Name ABNCoV2 Print Vaccine Candidate Overview Adjuvant None Phase Phase 3 Vaccine Platform Virus-like particle Route of Administration Intramuscular Specific antigen RBD of SARS-CoV-2 (strain not specified) R&D Status Inactive No longer in development Research Preclinical Studies Preclinical Publication(s) Capsid-like particles decorated with the SARS-CoV-2 receptor-binding domain eli… A Capsid Virus-Like Particle-Based SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine Induces High Levels of An… Animal Models BALB/c mice Rhesus macaques Trial 1 Trial 1 Registry ID NCT04839146 Trial 1 Location Netherlands Trial 1 Status Completed Trial 1 Phase Phase 1 Trial 1 Study Start Date 3/2021 Trial 1 Primary Completion Date 12/2021 Trial 1 Study Completion Date 2/2022 Trial 1 Links NCT04839146 Trial 2 Trial 2 Registry ID NCT05077267 Trial 2 Location Germany Trial 2 Status Completed Trial 2 Phase Phase 2 Trial 2 Study Start Date 8/2021 Trial 2 Primary Completion Date 2/2022 Trial 2 Study Completion Date 10/2023 Trial 2 Links NCT05077267 Bavarian Nordic Reports Positive Topline Phase 2 Results for its COVID-19 Vacci… Trial 3 Trial 3 Registry ID NCT05329220 Trial 3 Location United States, Belgium, Denmark Trial 3 Status Completed Trial 3 Phase Phase 3 Trial 3 Study Start Date 8/2022 Trial 3 Primary Completion Date 3/2023 Trial 3 Study Completion Date 10/2023 Trial 3 Links NCT05329220	AKS-452 Developer Akston Biosciences (US) Name AKS-452 Print Vaccine Candidate Overview Adjuvant Montanide ISA 720 Phase Approved Vaccine Platform Protein subunit Route of Administration Subcutaneous Specific antigen SARS-CoV-2 RBD (strain not specified) R&D Status Active Currently in development Location of Approval India Research Preclinical Studies Preclinical Publication(s) Development of an IgG-Fc fusion COVID-19 subunit vaccine, AKS-452 (Alleva 2021) Animal Models BALB/c mice K18-hACE2 mice Cynomolgus macaques Trial 1 Trial 1 Registry ID NCT04681092 Trial 1 Location Netherlands Trial 1 Status Completed Trial 1 Phase Phase 2 Trial 1 Study Start Date 4/2021 Trial 1 Primary Completion Date 3/2022 Trial 1 Study Completion Date 3/2022 Trial 1 Links NCT04681092 Phase I interim results of a phase I/II study of the IgG-Fc fusion COVID-19 sub… A randomized phase I/II safety and immunogenicity study of the Montanide-adjuva… Key Sources Akston Biosciences COVID-19 Vaccine Corbevax Developer Biological E (India) Baylor College of Medicine (US) Name Corbevax Print Vaccine Candidate Overview Adjuvant Aluminum hydroxide Phase Approved Vaccine Platform Protein subunit Route of Administration Intramuscular Specific antigen Deglycosylated 219-amino acid receptor binding domain from wild type SARS-CoV-2 R&D Status Active Currently in development Location of Approval India, Botswana Research Preclinical Studies Preclinical Publication(s) A yeast-expressed RBD-based SARS-CoV-2 vaccine formulated with 3M-052-alum adju… Receptor-binding domain recombinant protein on alum-CpG induces broad protectio… Animal Models BALB/c mice Rhesus macaques Trial 1 Trial 1 Registry ID CTRI/2021/06/034014 Trial 1 Phase Phase 3 Trial 1 Links Evaluation of safety and immunogenicity of receptor-binding domain-based COVID-… Trial 2 Trial 2 Registry ID CTRI/2020/11/029032 Trial 2 Phase Phase 2 Trial 2 Links Evaluation of safety and immunogenicity of receptor-binding domain-based COVID-… Key Sources Process development and scale-up optimization of the SARS-CoV-2 receptor bindin… Evaluation of safety and immunogenicity of receptor-binding domain-based COVID-… From concept to delivery: a yeast-expressed recombinant protein-based COVID-19 … CEPI partners with Biological E Limited to advance development and manufacture … Convidecia Developer CanSino Biologics (China) Name Convidecia Print Vaccine Candidate Overview Adjuvant None Phase Approved Vaccine Platform Viral vector Route of Administration Intramuscular Aerosol Specific antigen Full length Spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 Wuhan-Hu-1 and BA.1 viruses R&D Status Active Currently in development Location of Approval WHO, China, Pakistan, Malaysia, Hungary, Moldova, Mexico, Argentina Research Preclinical Studies Preclinical Publication(s) Immunogenicity of an adenovirus-vectored bivalent vaccine against wild type SAR… Animal Models BALB/c mice Trial 1 Trial 1 Registry ID NCT05313646 Trial 1 Location China Trial 1 Status Completed Trial 1 Phase Phase 3 Trial 1 Study Start Date 3/2021 Trial 1 Primary Completion Date 4/2021 Trial 1 Study Completion Date 9/2021 Trial 1 Links NCT05313646 Trial 2 Trial 2 Registry ID NCT04833101 Trial 2 Location China Trial 2 Status Completed Trial 2 Phase Phase 3 Trial 2 Study Start Date 4/2021 Trial 2 Primary Completion Date 9/2021 Trial 2 Study Completion Date 3/2022 Trial 2 Links NCT04833101 Safety and immunogenicity of heterologous boost immunization with an adenovirus… Trial 3 Trial 3 Registry ID NCT04892459 Trial 3 Location China Trial 3 Status Completed Trial 3 Phase Phase 3 Trial 3 Study Start Date 5/2021 Trial 3 Primary Completion Date 7/2021 Trial 3 Study Completion Date 12/2021 Trial 3 Links NCT04892459 Heterologous prime-boost immunization with CoronaVac and Convidecia (Li 2021) Trial 4 Trial 4 Registry ID NCT04952727 Trial 4 Location China Trial 4 Status Completed Trial 4 Phase Phase 3 Trial 4 Study Start Date 8/2021 Trial 4 Study Completion Date 5/2022 Trial 4 Primary Completion Date 11/2021 Trial 4 Links NCT04952727 Heterologous CoronaVac plus Ad5-nCOV versus homologous CoronaVac vaccination am… Immunogenicity and safety of heterologous immunisation with Ad5-nCOV in healthy… Trial 5 Trial 5 Registry ID NCT05303584 Trial 5 Location China Trial 5 Status Completed Trial 5 Phase Phase 3 Trial 5 Study Start Date 4/2022 Trial 5 Primary Completion Date 6/2022 Trial 5 Study Completion Date 5/2023 Trial 5 Links NCT05303584 Key Sources Safety and immunogenicity of heterologous boosting with orally administered aer… BIMERVAX Developer HIPRA (Spain) Name BIMERVAX Print Vaccine Candidate Overview Adjuvant SQBA Phase Approved Vaccine Platform Protein subunit Route of Administration Intramuscular Specific antigen RBD of the Alpha and Beta SARS-CoV-2 variants R&D Status Active Currently in development Location of Approval EU Research Preclinical Studies Preclinical Publication(s) Preclinical evaluation of a COVID-19 vaccine candidate based on a recombinant R… Preclinical evaluation of PHH-1V vaccine candidate against SARS-CoV-2 in non-hu… Immunogenicity and safety in pigs of PHH-1V, a SARS-CoV-2 RBD fusion heterodime… Animal Models Cynomolgus macaques K18-hACE2 mice BALB/c mice Pigs Trial 1 Trial 1 Registry ID NCT05142553 Trial 1 Location Spain Trial 1 Status Completed Trial 1 Phase Phase 2 Trial 1 Study Start Date 11/2021 Trial 1 Primary Completion Date 5/2023 Trial 1 Study Completion Date 5/2023 Trial 1 Links NCT05142553 Safety and immunogenicity of the protein-based PHH-1V compared to BNT162b2 as a… Safety and immunogenicity of PHH-1V booster against SARS-CoV-2 variants, includ… Trial 2 Trial 2 Registry ID NCT05246137 Trial 2 Location Italy, Spain Trial 2 Status Completed Trial 2 Phase Phase 3 Trial 2 Study Start Date 2/2022 Trial 2 Primary Completion Date 3/2023 Trial 2 Study Completion Date 3/2023 Trial 2 Links NCT05246137 Trial 3 Trial 3 Registry ID NCT05305573 Trial 3 Location Spain Trial 3 Status Completed Trial 3 Phase Phase 2 Trial 3 Study Start Date 3/2022 Trial 3 Primary Completion Date 10/2022 Trial 3 Study Completion Date 10/2022 Trial 3 Links NCT05305573 Trial 4 Trial 4 Registry ID NCT05303402 Trial 4 Location Spain, Turkey Trial 4 Status Completed Trial 4 Phase Phase 3 Trial 4 Study Start Date 5/2022 Trial 4 Study Completion Date 12/2023 Trial 4 Primary Completion Date 7/2023 Trial 4 Links NCT05303402 Safety and Immunogenicity of a PHH-1V Booster Dose after Different Prime Vaccin… Trial 5 Trial 5 Registry ID NCT06234956 Trial 5 Location Spain Trial 5 Status Recruiting Trial 5 Phase Phase 2 Trial 5 Study Start Date 6/2023 Trial 5 Primary Completion Date 12/2024 Trial 5 Study Completion Date 12/2024 Trial 5 Links NCT06234956 Trial 6 Trial 6 Registry ID NCT05981846 Trial 6 Location Spain Trial 6 Status Completed Trial 6 Phase Phase 2 Trial 6 Study Start Date 9/2023 Trial 6 Primary Completion Date 10/2023 Trial 6 Study Completion Date 11/2023 Trial 6 Links NCT05981846 Ad26.COV2.S Developer Janssen Vaccines (Netherlands) Name Ad26.COV2.S Print Vaccine Candidate Overview Adjuvant Aluminum hydroxide Phase Approved Vaccine Platform Viral vector Route of Administration Intramuscular Specific antigen Full-length Spike protein based on SARS-CoV-2 Wuhan-Hu-1 containing D614G R&D Status Active Currently in development Location of Approval Global Research Preclinical Studies Preclinical Publication(s) Immunogenicity and efficacy of one and two doses of Ad26.COV2.S COVID vaccine i… Protective efficacy of Ad26.COV2.S against SARS-CoV-2 B.1.351 in macaques (Yu 2… mRNA-1273 and Ad26.COV2.S vaccines protect against the B.1.621 variant of SARS-… Animal Models Rhesus macaques Trial 1 Trial 1 Registry ID NCT04436276 Trial 1 Location United States, Belgium Trial 1 Status Completed Trial 1 Phase Phase 2 Trial 1 Study Start Date 7/2020 Trial 1 Primary Completion Date 2/2023 Trial 1 Study Completion Date 2/2023 Trial 1 Links NCT04436276 Immunogenicity of the Ad26.COV2.S Vaccine for COVID-19 (Stephenson 2021) Trial 2 Trial 2 Registry ID NCT04509947 Trial 2 Location Japan Trial 2 Status Completed Trial 2 Phase Phase 1 Trial 2 Study Start Date 8/2020 Trial 2 Primary Completion Date 2/2021 Trial 2 Study Completion Date 11/2021 Trial 2 Links NCT04509947 Trial 3 Trial 3 Registry ID NCT04535453 Trial 3 Location Germany, Netherlands, Spain, United Kingdom Trial 3 Status Completed Trial 3 Phase Phase 2 Trial 3 Study Start Date 8/2020 Trial 3 Primary Completion Date 3/2022 Trial 3 Study Completion Date 3/2022 Trial 3 Links NCT04535453 Trial 4 Trial 4 Registry ID NCT04614948 Trial 4 Location United States, Belgium, Brazil, Colombia, France, Germany, Philippines, South Africa, Spain, United Kingdom Trial 4 Status Completed Trial 4 Phase Phase 3 Trial 4 Study Start Date 11/2020 Trial 4 Study Completion Date 6/2023 Trial 4 Primary Completion Date 6/2023 Trial 4 Links NCT04614948 Trial 5 Trial 5 Registry ID NCT04894305 Trial 5 Location Netherlands Trial 5 Status Completed Trial 5 Phase Phase 1 Trial 5 Study Start Date 5/2021 Trial 5 Primary Completion Date 12/2021 Trial 5 Study Completion Date 12/2021 Trial 5 Links NCT04894305 Trial 6 Trial 6 Registry ID NCT04908722 Trial 6 Location United States, Brazil, Germany, Poland, South Africa Trial 6 Status Completed Trial 6 Phase Phase 3 Trial 6 Study Start Date 6/2021 Trial 6 Primary Completion Date 7/2023 Trial 6 Study Completion Date 7/2023 Trial 6 Links NCT04908722 Trial 7 Trial 7 Registry ID NCT04999111 Trial 7 Location United States Trial 7 Status Completed Trial 7 Phase Phase 2 Trial 7 Study Start Date 8/2021 Trial 7 Primary Completion Date 10/2021 Trial 7 Study Completion Date 11/2022 Trial 7 Links NCT04999111 Trial 8 Trial 8 Registry ID NCT04765384 Trial 8 Location United States, Brazil, South Africa Trial 8 Status Completed Trial 8 Phase Phase 2 Trial 8 Study Start Date 8/2021 Trial 8 Primary Completion Date 11/2023 Trial 8 Study Completion Date 11/2023 Trial 8 Links NCT04765384 Trial 9 Trial 9 Registry ID NCT05007080 Trial 9 Status Completed Trial 9 Phase Phase 2 Trial 9 Study Start Date 9/2021 Trial 9 Primary Completion Date 8/2023 Trial 9 Study Completion Date 8/2023 Trial 9 Links NCT05007080 Trial 10 Trial 10 Registry ID NCT05109559 Trial 10 Status Unknown Trial 10 Phase Phase 2 Trial 10 Study Start Date 12/2021 Trial 10 Primary Completion Date 12/2023 Trial 10 Study Completion Date 12/2024 Trial 10 Links NCT05109559 Trial 11 Trial 11 Registry ID NCT05409261 Trial 11 Status Active, not recruiting Trial 11 Phase Phase 2 Trial 11 Study Start Date 6/2/22 Trial 11 Primary Completion Date 9/2022 Trial 11 Study Completion Date 3/2025 Trial 11 Links NCT05409261 Trial 12 Trial 12 Registry ID NCT04817657 Trial 12 Status No longer available Trial 12 Links NCT04817657 Patria Developer Laboratorio Avi-Mex (Mexico) Name Patria Print Vaccine Candidate Overview Adjuvant None Phase Approved Vaccine Platform Viral vector Route of Administration Intramuscular Intranasal Specific antigen Proline-stabilized Spike protein (strain not specified) R&D Status Active Currently in development Location of Approval Mexico Research Preclinical Studies Preclinical Publication(s) Safety and Immunogenicity of a Newcastle Disease Virus Vector-Based SARS-CoV-2 … Animal Models SPF piglets Trial 1 Trial 1 Registry ID NCT05205746 Trial 1 Location Mexico Trial 1 Status Completed Trial 1 Phase Phase 2 Trial 1 Study Start Date 11/2021 Trial 1 Primary Completion Date 8/2022 Trial 1 Study Completion Date 7/2023 Trial 1 Links NCT05205746 Phase II study on the safety and immunogenicity of single-dose intramuscular or… Trial 2 Trial 2 Registry ID NCT05710783 Trial 2 Location Mexico Trial 2 Status Completed Trial 2 Phase Phase 3 Trial 2 Study Start Date 11/2022 Trial 2 Primary Completion Date 12/2022 Trial 2 Study Completion Date 9/2023 Trial 2 Links NCT05710783 Phase 2/3 study evaluating safety, immunogenicity, and noninferiority of single… Key Sources Newcastle disease virus vector-based SARS-CoV-2 vaccine candidate AVX/COVID-12 … ARVAC-CG Developer Laboratorio Pablo Cassará (Argentina) Name ARVAC-CG Print Vaccine Candidate Overview Adjuvant Aluminum hydroxide Phase Approved Vaccine Platform Protein subunit Route of Administration Intramuscular Specific antigen RBD of the SARS-CoV-2 Gamma variant R&D Status Active Currently in development Location of Approval Argentina Research Preclinical Studies Preclinical Publication(s) A Gamma-adapted subunit vaccine induces broadly neutralizing antibodies against… Animal Models BALB/c mice Trial 1 Trial 1 Registry ID NCT05656508 Trial 1 Location Argentina Trial 1 Status Completed Trial 1 Phase Phase 1 Trial 1 Study Start Date 4/2022 Trial 1 Primary Completion Date 9/2022 Trial 1 Study Completion Date 10/2023 Trial 1 Links NCT05656508 Safety and immunogenicity of a SARS-CoV-2 Gamma variant RBD-based protein adjuv… Trial 2 Trial 2 Registry ID NCT05752201 Trial 2 Location Argentina Trial 2 Status Completed Trial 2 Phase Phase 3 Trial 2 Study Start Date 2/2023 Trial 2 Primary Completion Date 8/2023 Trial 2 Study Completion Date 12/2023 Trial 2 Links NCT05752201 Immunogenicity and safety of monovalent and bivalent SARS-CoV-2 variant adapted… NVX-CoV2373 Developer Novavax (US) Name NVX-CoV2373 Print Vaccine Candidate Overview Adjuvant Matrix-M Phase Approved Vaccine Platform Nanoparticle Route of Administration Intramuscular Specific antigen Recombinant full-length spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 based on the Wuhan-Hu-1 virus R&D Status Active Currently in development Location of Approval Global Research Preclinical Studies Preclinical Publication(s) SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein vaccine candidate NVX-CoV2373 immunogenicity in b… Animal Models BALB/c mice Ad/hACE2 mice Baboons Trial 1 Trial 1 Registry ID NCT04368988 Trial 1 Location United States, Australia Trial 1 Status Completed Trial 1 Phase Phase 2 Trial 1 Study Start Date 5/2020 Trial 1 Primary Completion Date 6/2022 Trial 1 Study Completion Date 6/2022 Trial 1 Links NCT04368988 Phase 1–2 Trial of a SARS-CoV-2 Recombinant Spike Protein Nanoparticle Vaccine … Different dose regimens of a SARS-CoV-2 recombinant spike protein vaccine (NVX-… Safety and immunogenicity following a homologous booster dose of a SARS-CoV-2 r… Immunogenicity and safety of a fourth homologous dose of NVX-CoV2373 (Alves 202… Trial 2 Trial 2 Registry ID NCT04533399 Trial 2 Location South Africa Trial 2 Status Completed Trial 2 Phase Phase 2 Trial 2 Study Start Date 8/2020 Trial 2 Primary Completion Date 12/2021 Trial 2 Study Completion Date 1/2022 Trial 2 Links NCT04533399 Efficacy of NVX-CoV2373 Covid-19 Vaccine against the B.1.351 Variant (Shinde 20… Immunogenicity and safety of a SARS-CoV-2 recombinant spike protein nanoparticl… T-cell responses induced by SARS-CoV-2 index-virus nanoparticle protein vaccine… Trial 3 Trial 3 Registry ID NCT04583995 Trial 3 Location United Kingdom Trial 3 Status Completed Trial 3 Phase Phase 3 Trial 3 Study Start Date 9/2020 Trial 3 Primary Completion Date 3/2022 Trial 3 Study Completion Date 3/2022 Trial 3 Links NCT04583995 Safety, immunogenicity, and efficacy of a COVID-19 vaccine (NVX-CoV2373) co-adm… Trial 4 Trial 4 Registry ID NCT04611802 Trial 4 Location United States, Mexico, Puerto Rico Trial 4 Status Completed Trial 4 Phase Phase 3 Trial 4 Study Start Date 12/2020 Trial 4 Study Completion Date 12/2023 Trial 4 Primary Completion Date 4/2023 Trial 4 Links NCT04611802 Safety and Efficacy of NVX-CoV2373 Covid-19 Vaccine (Heath 2021) Efficacy and Safety of NVX-CoV2373 in Adults in the United States and Mexico (D… Safety, Immunogenicity, and Efficacy of the NVX-CoV2373 COVID-19 Vaccine in Ado… Trial 5 Trial 5 Registry ID NCT05112848 Trial 5 Location South Africa Trial 5 Status Completed Trial 5 Phase Phase 2 Trial 5 Study Start Date 2/2022 Trial 5 Primary Completion Date 5/2022 Trial 5 Study Completion Date 11/2022 Trial 5 Links NCT05112848 Immunogenicity and safety of SARS-CoV-2 recombinant spike protein vaccine in So… Trial 6 Trial 6 Registry ID NCT05249816 Trial 6 Location United Arab Emirates Trial 6 Status Completed Trial 6 Phase Phase 3 Trial 6 Study Start Date 3/2022 Trial 6 Primary Completion Date 5/2023 Trial 6 Study Completion Date 5/2023 Trial 6 Links NCT05249816 Trial 7 Trial 7 Registry ID NCT05372588 Trial 7 Location Australia Trial 7 Status Completed Trial 7 Phase Phase 3 Trial 7 Study Start Date 5/2022 Trial 7 Primary Completion Date 7/2022 Trial 7 Study Completion Date 4/2024 Trial 7 Links NCT05372588 Trial 8 Trial 8 Registry ID NCT05463068 Trial 8 Location United States Trial 8 Status Completed Trial 8 Phase Phase 3 Trial 8 Study Start Date 7/2022 Trial 8 Primary Completion Date 8/2022 Trial 8 Study Completion Date 9/2022 Trial 8 Links NCT05463068 Immunogenicity and safety of NVX-CoV2373 as a booster: A phase 3 randomized cli… Trial 9 Trial 9 Registry ID NCT05468736 Trial 9 Status Active, not recruiting Trial 9 Phase Phase 3 Trial 9 Study Start Date 7/2022 Trial 9 Primary Completion Date 1/2024 Trial 9 Study Completion Date 10/2025 Trial 9 Links NCT05468736 Immunogenicity and safety of SARS-CoV-2 recombinant spike protein vaccine in So… Trial 10 Trial 10 Registry ID NCT05875701 Trial 10 Status Completed Trial 10 Phase Phase 3 Trial 10 Study Start Date 3/2023 Trial 10 Primary Completion Date 11/2023 Trial 10 Study Completion Date 11/2023 Trial 11 Trial 11 Registry ID NCT05775887 Trial 11 Status Completed Trial 11 Phase Phase 1 Trial 11 Study Start Date 5/8/23 Trial 11 Primary Completion Date 12/2023 Trial 11 Study Completion Date 12/2023 Trial 11 Links NCT05775887 Trial 12 Trial 12 Registry ID NCT05925127 Trial 12 Status Completed Trial 12 Phase Phase 3 Trial 12 Study Start Date 10/16/23 Trial 12 Primary Completion Date 5/2024 Trial 12 Study Completion Date 5/2024 Trial 12 Links NCT05925127 SKYCovion Developer SK Bioscience (South Korea) Name SKYCovion Print Vaccine Candidate Overview Adjuvant AS03 Phase Approved Vaccine Platform Nanoparticle Route of Administration Intramuscular Specific antigen RBD of SARS-CoV-2 Wuhan-Hu-1 and the Beta viruses R&D Status Active Currently in development Location of Approval South Korea Research Preclinical Studies Preclinical Publication(s) Immunogenicity and protective efficacy of GBP510/AS03 vaccine against SARS-CoV-… Animal Models Rhesus macaques Trial 1 Trial 1 Registry ID NCT04742738 Trial 1 Location South Korea Trial 1 Status Completed Trial 1 Phase Phase 2 Trial 1 Study Start Date 1/2021 Trial 1 Primary Completion Date 7/2021 Trial 1 Study Completion Date 7/2022 Trial 1 Links NCT04742738 Trial 2 Trial 2 Registry ID NCT04750343 Trial 2 Location South Korea Trial 2 Status Unknown status Trial 2 Phase Phase 2 Trial 2 Study Start Date 2/2021 Trial 2 Primary Completion Date 7/2021 Trial 2 Study Completion Date 6/2022 Trial 2 Links NCT04750343 Trial 3 Trial 3 Registry ID NCT05007951 Trial 3 Location New Zealand, Philippines, South Korea, Thailand, Ukraine, Vietnam Trial 3 Status Completed Trial 3 Phase Phase 3 Trial 3 Study Start Date 8/2021 Trial 3 Primary Completion Date 10/2023 Trial 3 Study Completion Date 10/2023 Trial 3 Links NCT05007951 Phase 3 Study of Safety and Immunogenicity of GBP510 Vaccine Adjuvanted with AS… Immunogenicity and safety of SARS-CoV-2 recombinant protein nanoparticle vaccin… Trial 4 Trial 4 Registry ID NCT05175950 Trial 4 Location South Korea Trial 4 Status Unknown status Trial 4 Phase Phase 2 Trial 4 Study Start Date 1/2022 Trial 4 Study Completion Date 11/2023 Trial 4 Primary Completion Date 8/2023 Trial 4 Links NCT05175950 Trial 5 Trial 5 Registry ID NCT05501522 Trial 5 Location Colombia, Nepal Trial 5 Status Completed Trial 5 Phase Phase 3 Trial 5 Study Start Date 12/2022 Trial 5 Primary Completion Date 8/2023 Trial 5 Study Completion Date 8/2024 Trial 5 Links NCT05501522 Key Sources CEPI expands partnership with SK bioscience to develop a ‘variant-proof' vaccin… Recomb-COVID-19-Trivalent Developer WestVac Biopharma (China) Name Recomb-COVID-19-Trivalent Print Vaccine Candidate Overview Adjuvant MF59-like Phase Approved Vaccine Platform Protein subunit Route of Administration Intramuscular Specific antigen RBD of the Delta, BA.5, and XBB.1.5 SARS-CoV-2 variants R&D Status Active Currently in development Location of Approval China Research Preclinical Studies Preclinical Publication(s) A self-assembled trimeric protein vaccine induces protective immunity against O… Trivalent recombinant protein vaccine induces cross-neutralization against XBB … Animal Models hACE2 mice NIH mice Sprague-Dawley rats Non-human primates (species not listed) Trial 1 Trial 1 Registry ID ChiCTR2200067245 Trial 1 Location China Trial 1 Phase Phase 1 Trial 1 Study Start Date 12/2022 Trial 1 Study Completion Date 2/2023 Trial 1 Links ChiCTR2200067245 Trivalent recombinant protein vaccine induces cross-neutralization against XBB … Trial 2 Trial 2 Registry ID NCT05911061 Trial 2 Location No location data Trial 2 Status Not yet recruiting Trial 2 Phase Phase 3 Trial 2 Study Start Date 12/2024 Trial 2 Primary Completion Date 6/2025 Trial 2 Study Completion Date 12/2025 Trial 2 Links NCT05911061 Key Sources Robust neutralizing antibody response to the XBB.1.5 trivalent recombinant prot… ARCT-154 Developer Arcturus Therapeutics (USA) Vinbiocare Biotechnology (Vietnam) Name ARCT-154 Print Vaccine Candidate Overview Adjuvant Aluminum hydroxide Phase Approved Vaccine Platform Nucleic acid/nanoparticle Route of Administration Intramuscular Specific antigen RBD of the SARS-CoV-2 Wuhan-Hu-1 and Gamma viruses R&D Status Inactive No longer in development Location of Approval Japan, European Commission Research Preclinical Studies Preclinical Publication(s) saRNA vaccine expressing membrane-anchored RBD elicits broad and durable immuni… Animal Models BALB/c mice Syrian hamsters Cynomolgus macaques Trial 1 Trial 1 Registry ID NCT05012943 Trial 1 Location Vietnam Trial 1 Status Completed Trial 1 Phase Phase 3 Trial 1 Study Start Date 8/2021 Trial 1 Primary Completion Date 1/2023 Trial 1 Study Completion Date 1/2023 Trial 1 Links NCT05012943 Safety, immunogenicity and efficacy of the self-amplifying mRNA ARCT-154 COVID-… Key Sources Immunogenicity and safety of a booster dose of a self-amplifying RNA COVID-19 v…

Vaccine Name Sort descending	Developer / Location	Platform	Phase	Route of Administration	Goal
3R-AEW-NC More detail+	Fudan University (China), Wuhan Institute of Virology (China), University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (China), Sun Yat-sen University (China)	Protein subunit	Preclinical	Intranasal	Broadly Protective Vaccines
3R-NC More detail+	Wuhan Institute of Virology (China), Sun Yat-sen University (China), University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (China), Fudan University (China)	Protein subunit	Preclinical	Intranasal	Broadly Protective Vaccines
614D/SHC014/XBB More detail+	University of Wisconsin-Madison (USA), Georgia Institute of Technology (US)	Virus-like particle	Preclinical	Subcutaneous	Broadly Protective Vaccines
AAHI-SC2 More detail+	ImmunityBio (US)	Nanoparticle	Phase 2	Intramuscular	SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines
ABNCoV2 More detail+	Bavarian Nordic (Denmark)	Virus-like particle	Phase 3	Intramuscular	SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines
Ad-MERS-S1 More detail+	Jordan University of Science and Technology (Jordan)	Viral vector	Preclinical	Intramuscular	MERS Vaccines
Ad26.COV2.S More detail+	Janssen Vaccines (Netherlands)	Viral vector	Approved	Intramuscular	SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines
Ad5-Omicron-S2PL More detail+	Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China)	Viral vector	Preclinical	Oral	SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines
Ad5/MERS More detail+	The Catholic University of Korea (South Korea), Life Science Research Institute (South Korea)	Viral vector	Preclinical	Intramuscular	MERS Vaccines
AdC68-S More detail+	The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (China)	Viral vector	Preclinical	Intramuscular, Intranasal	MERS Vaccines
AdCLD-CoV19 More detail+	Cellid (South Korea)	Viral vector	Phase 3	Intramuscular	SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines
AKS-452 More detail+	Akston Biosciences (US)	Protein subunit	Approved	Subcutaneous	SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines
ARCT-154 More detail+	Arcturus Therapeutics (USA), Vinbiocare Biotechnology (Vietnam)	Nucleic acid-based	Approved	Intramuscular	SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines
ARVAC-CG More detail+	Laboratorio Pablo Cassará (Argentina)	Protein subunit	Approved	Intramuscular	SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines
ARVAC-Gamma More detail+	Laboratorio Pablo Cassará (Argentina), Universidad Nacional de San Martín (Argentina), VisMederi (Italy)	Protein subunit	Preclinical	Intramuscular	Broadly Protective Vaccines
B/HPIV3/S-6P More detail+	NIAID (US)	Viral vector	Phase 1	Intranasal	SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines
Baiya-SARS-CoV-2-Vax2 More detail+	Baiya Phytopharm (Thailand)	Protein subunit	Phase 2	Intramuscular	SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines
Beta-Delta-S-2P More detail+	Inventprise, Inc (USA), National Research Council Canada (Canada)	Protein subunit	Preclinical	Intramuscular	SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines
Beta-VLP More detail+	CSIR Next Generation Health (South Africa), University of Pretoria (South Africa), Tautomer (South Africa), 3Sixty Biopharmaceuticals (South Africa)	Virus-like particle	Preclinical	Intramuscular	SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines
BIMERVAX More detail+	HIPRA (Spain)	Protein subunit	Approved	Intramuscular	SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines
BK2102 More detail+	Osaka University (Japan)	Live-attenuated	Preclinical	Intranasal	SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines
BSCoV05 More detail+	Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College (China)	Nucleic acid-based	Preclinical	Intramuscular	SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines
BSCoV06 More detail+	Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College (China)	Nucleic acid-based	Preclinical	Intramuscular	SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines
BVRS-GamVac-Combi More detail+	Gamaleya Research Institute (Russia)	Viral vector	Phase 2	Intramuscular	MERS Vaccines
CF501/RBD-Fc More detail+	Fudan University (China), Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China)	Protein subunit	Preclinical	Intramuscular	SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines
ChAd-triCoV/Mac More detail+	McMaster University (Canada)	Viral vector	Phase 2	Aerosol	SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines
ChAdOx1-MERS-VTP-500 More detail+	University of Oxford (UK), Barinthus Biotherapeutics (UK)	Viral vector	Phase 1	Intramuscular	MERS Vaccines
Chimeric-Spike-mRNA More detail+	International Vaccine Institute (South Korea), BioNet (Thailand)	Nucleic acid-based	Preclinical	Intramuscular	Broadly Protective Vaccines
Chitosan-S-Omicron More detail+	National Institutes for Food and Drug Control (China)	Protein subunit	Preclinical	Intranasal	SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines
ChulaCov19 More detail+	Technovalia (Australia)	Nanoparticle	Phase 2	Intramuscular	SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines
cmRNA-1130 More detail+	Monash University (Australia), Suzhou CureMed Biopharma Technology (China), Hunan University of Chinese Medicine (China), Soochow University (China)	Nucleic acid-based	Preclinical	Intramuscular	SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines
Convidecia More detail+	CanSino Biologics (China)	Viral vector	Approved	Intramuscular, Aerosol	SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines
Corbevax More detail+	Biological E (India), Baylor College of Medicine (US)	Protein subunit	Approved	Intramuscular	SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines
COV2-SAM-LNP More detail+	GlaxoSmithKline (UK)	Nucleic acid-based	Phase 1	Intramuscular	SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines
COVAX-19/Spikogen More detail+	Vaxine (Australia)	Protein subunit	Phase 3	Intramuscular	SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines
CoVAX-multiantigen More detail+	Immunetune BV (The Netherlands), Leiden University Medical Centre (The Netherlands), Synvolux BV (The Netherlands)	Nucleic acid-based	Preclinical	Intradermal	Broadly Protective Vaccines
CoVEXS5 More detail+	Bharat Biotech International (India), ExcellGene SA (Switzerland), University of Sydney (Australia)	Protein subunit	Preclinical	Intramuscular	SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines
COVID-eVax More detail+	Takis Biotech (Italy)	Nucleic acid-based	Phase 2	Intramuscular with electroporation	SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines
CoviLiv More detail+	Codagenix (US), Serum Institute of India (India)	Live-attenuated	Phase 3	Intranasal	SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines
CP15/S1 More detail+		Nanoparticle	Preclinical	Intranasal	SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines
CPVax-CoV More detail+	Certest Pharma (Spain), Navarra Institute for Health Research (Spain), Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria Aragon (Spain), Universidad de Zaragoza (Spain)	Nucleic acid-based	Preclinical	Intramuscular	SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines
CVnCoV More detail+	CureVac (Germany), GlaxoSmithKline (UK)	Nucleic acid-based	Phase 3	Intramuscular	SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines
CVXGA More detail+	CyanVac (US)	Viral vector	Phase 2	Intranasal	SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines
DelNS1-nCoV-RBD More detail+	Beijing Wantai Biological Pharmacy Enterprise (China), University of Hong Kong (Hong Kong SAR, China)	Viral vector	Phase 3	Intranasal	SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines
EV-SC2-BA2/4/5 More detail+	Ajou University Medical Center (South Korea), CK-Exogene (South Korea)	Nanoparticle	Preclinical	Intramuscular	SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines
FAdV-9-S19 More detail+	Sunnybrook Research Institute (Canada), University of Toronto (Canada)	Viral vector	Preclinical	Intramuscular	Broadly Protective Vaccines
FP-HR5-NP More detail+	Sun Yat-sen University (China), Guangzhou National Laboratory (China), Guangzhou Medical University (China)	Nanoparticle	Preclinical	Intranasal, Subcutaneous	SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines
G5-BGG/pSP More detail+	Fudan University (China)	Nucleic acid-based	Preclinical	Intranasal	SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines
GBP511 More detail+	SK Bioscience (South Korea)	Nanoparticle	Preclinical	Intramuscular	Broadly Protective Vaccines
GEO-CM04S1 More detail+	Geovax (US)	Viral vector	Phase 2	Intramuscular	SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines
GLS-5310 More detail+	GeneOne Life Science (South Korea), Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency (South Korea), Rutgers University (US), University of Tennessee (US), PharmaJet Inc (US), Bioqual (US), Wistar Institute (US)	Nucleic acid-based	Phase 2	Intradermal, Intranasal	SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines
Glyco-RBD-cocktail More detail+	Georgia State University (US), University of Iowa (US)	Protein subunit	Preclinical	Intranasal	Broadly Protective Vaccines
HD-Ad-FS More detail+	University of Toronto (Canada)	Viral vector	Preclinical	Intranasal	SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines
HD-MAP-Delta-6P More detail+	University of Queensland (Australia), Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre (Australia), Vaxxas (Australia), Technovalia (Australia), BioNet-Asia (Thailand)	Nucleic acid-based	Preclinical	Patch	SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines
IBIS More detail+	University of Hong Kong (Hong Kong SAR, China)	Live-attenuated	Preclinical	Intranasal	Broadly Protective Vaccines
iBoost-SC2 More detail+	Amsterdam University Medical Center (The Netherlands), CimCure BV (Netherlands), Technology Research Institute Bioaster (France)	Protein subunit	Preclinical	Intramuscular	SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines
ICCOV More detail+	Immuno Cure (Hong Kong SAR, China), University of Hong Kong (Hong Kong SAR, China)	Viral vector	Phase 2	Intramuscular	SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines
IM-Gel More detail+	Sungkyunkwan University (South Korea), Chungnam National University (South Korea), Osong Medical Innovation Foundation (South Korea)	Nanoparticle	Preclinical	Intra-lymph node	SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines
IM-IN-NE/IVT More detail+	Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (US), Ghent University (Belgium), University of Michigan (US)	Protein subunit	Preclinical	Intramuscular, Intranasal	SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines
INO-4700 More detail+	Inovio Pharmaceuticals (US), GeneOne Life Science (South Korea)	Nucleic acid-based	Phase 2	Intramuscular, Intradermal with electroporation	MERS Vaccines
Len_S1 More detail+	University of Hong Kong (Hong Kong SAR, China), University of Missouri (US)	Viral vector	Preclinical	Intranasal	MERS Vaccines
LP-Mix More detail+	University of Alberta (Canada)	Protein subunit	Preclinical	Intranasal	SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines
MAPS-SC2 More detail+	Affinivax (USA)	Protein subunit	Preclinical	Intramuscular	SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines
mCuMVTT-MERS More detail+	University of Bern (Switzerland), Hamad Medical Corporation (Qatar), Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre (Latvia), Erasmus Medical Center (The Netherlands), Artemis Bioservices (The Netherlands), Qatar University (Qatar), University of Oxford (UK), Anhui Agricultural University (China)	Virus-like particle	Preclinical	Subcutaneous	MERS Vaccines
MERS-CoV-EMC2012-CA22 More detail+	PioneerVaccine, Inc. (South Korea), Kyunpook National University (South Korea)	Live-attenuated	Preclinical	Intranasal	MERS Vaccines
MERS-CoV-S.FL-pDNA More detail+	Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University (Saudi Arabia)	Nucleic acid-based	Preclinical	Intramuscular	MERS Vaccines
MERS-RBD-mRNA More detail+	New York Blood Center (US), Georgia State University (US), University of Iowa (US), The Scripps Research Institute (US), University of Louisville (US)	Nucleic acid-based	Preclinical	Intradermal	MERS Vaccines
Mosaic-8b More detail+	California Institute of Technology (US), University of Oxford (UK), Ingenza (UK), Center for Process Innovation (UK)	Nanoparticle	Preclinical	Intramuscular	Broadly Protective Vaccines
Mosaic-ODG More detail+	Sun Yat-sen University (China)	Nanoparticle	Preclinical	Intranasal	Broadly Protective Vaccines
Mosaic-S-virosome More detail+	Amsterdam University Medical Center (The Netherlands), Mymetics BV (The Netherlands)	Virus-like particle	Preclinical	Subcutaneous	Broadly Protective Vaccines
MPSP-RBD More detail+	Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (Spain)	Virus-like particle	Preclinical	Intramuscular	MERS Vaccines
MPV/S-2P More detail+	NIAID (US)	Viral vector	Preclinical	Intranasal	SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines
mRBD-NP More detail+	University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (US)	Nanoparticle	Preclinical	Intramuscular	Broadly Protective Vaccines
mRNA-1283 More detail+	Moderna (US)	Nucleic acid-based	Phase 3	Intramuscular	SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines
MVA-MERS-S More detail+	IDT Biologika (Germany), German Center for Infection Research (Germany), University of Hamburg-Eppendorf (Germany)	Viral vector	Phase 1	Subcutaneous, Intramuscular	MERS Vaccines
MVA-SARS-2-S More detail+	University of Hamburg-Eppendorf (Germany)	Viral vector	Phase 2	Intramuscular	SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines
NanoSTING-SN More detail+	University of Houston (US), Auravax Therapeutics (US)	Nanoparticle	Preclinical	Intranasal	Broadly Protective Vaccines
NB2155 More detail+	Guangzhou Medical University (China)	Viral vector	Phase 1	Intranasal	SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines
Nc-SwFN More detail+	Université de Tours (France), Université de Lille (France), INRAE (France), Université de Lyon (Frace), CHU Saint-Étienne (France), Epithelix Sarl (Switzerland), ANRS (France), Université Paris Saclay (France), Jules Verne University of Picardie (France), Université Paris-Est (France)	Protein subunit	Preclinical	Intranasal	SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines
NDV-HXP-S More detail+	Butantan Institute (Brazil), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (US)	Viral vector	Phase 3	Intramuscular	SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines
NDV-PFS More detail+	Public Health Agency of Canada (Canada), University of Guelph (Canada)	Viral vector	Preclinical	Intranasal	SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines
NVX-CoV2373 More detail+	Novavax (US)	Nanoparticle	Approved	Intramuscular	SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines
NVX-MERS More detail+	Novavax (US), University of Maryland (US)	Nanoparticle	Preclinical	Intramuscular	MERS Vaccines
OVX033 More detail+	Osivax (France)	Nanoparticle	Phase 1	Intramuscular	SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines
Patria More detail+	Laboratorio Avi-Mex (Mexico)	Viral vector	Approved	Intramuscular, Intranasal	SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines
Prime-2-CoV_Beta More detail+	University Hospital Tuebingen (Germany)	Viral vector	Phase 1	Intramuscular	SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines
PT-SARS More detail+	Guangxi University (China), University of Science and Technology of China (China), Shenzhen Children's Hospital (China), Beijing Life Science Academy (China)	Protein subunit	Preclinical	Intramuscular	Broadly Protective Vaccines
PTX-COVID19-B More detail+	Providence Therapeutics Holdings (Canada)	Nucleic acid-based	Phase 3	Intramuscular	SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines
Quartet-Nanocage More detail+	University of Oxford (UK), California Institute of Technology (US), University of Cambridge (UK)	Nanoparticle	Preclinical	Intramuscular	Broadly Protective Vaccines
rAd5-SARS2-S1 More detail+	King Abdulaziz University (Saudi Arabia)	Viral vector	Preclinical	Intranasal	SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines
RBD+SP-1/alum More detail+	New York Blood Center (US)	Protein subunit	Preclinical	Intramuscular	MERS Vaccines
RBD-Fc-WT-BQ More detail+	Wuhan Institute of Virology (China), Nankai University (China), Guangzhou National Laboratory (China)	Protein subunit	Preclinical	Intranasal, Intramuscular	Broadly Protective Vaccines
RBD-HR/trimer More detail+	Sichuan University (China)	Protein subunit	Preclinical	Intranasal	SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines
RBD-LTA More detail+	National Tsing Hua University (Taiwan), MacKay Memorial Hospital (Taiwan), Minghsin University of Science and Technology (Taiwan), Academia Sinica (Taiwan), Adimmune Corporation	Protein subunit	Preclinical	Intranasal	SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines
RBD-MSA More detail+	University of Oslo (Norway), MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology (UK), Aarhus University (Denmark), The Scripps Research Institute (US), The Jackson Laboratory (USA)	Protein subunit	Preclinical	Intranasal	SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines
RBD‐TMC-NP More detail+	Mahidol University (Thailand), Navamindradhiraj University (Thailand)	Nanoparticle	Preclinical	Intranasal	SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines
Recomb-COVID-19-Trivalent More detail+	WestVac Biopharma (China)	Protein subunit	Approved	Intramuscular	SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines
ReCoV More detail+	Jiangsu Rec-Biotechnology (China)	Protein subunit	Phase 2	Intramuscular	SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines
Resurfaced-RBD More detail+	Duke University School of Medicine (US)	Nanoparticle	Preclinical	Intramuscular	Broadly Protective Vaccines
RGV-DO-003 More detail+	Korea Institute of Toxicology (South Korea), University of Science and Technology (South Korea)	Nucleic acid-based	Preclinical	Intramuscular	SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines
RH109 More detail+	Rhegen Biotechnology (China)	Nucleic acid-based	Phase 1	Intramuscular	SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines
rLVS-capB/MN More detail+	University of California-Los Angeles (US), University of Queensland (Australia), Colorado State University (US)	Bacterial vector	Preclinical	Intranasal, Oral	SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines
rMERS-MA30-dels More detail+	Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (Spain)	Nucleic acid-based	Preclinical	Intranasal	MERS Vaccines
rS1RS09 More detail+	University of Pittsburgh (US), IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo (Italy), University of Pavia (Italy)	Protein subunit	Preclinical	Patch	SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines
rSRV9-MERS_S1 More detail+	Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (China)	Viral vector	Preclinical	Intramuscular	MERS Vaccines
RV-1730 More detail+	RNAImmune (US), Guangzhou RNAimmune (China)	Nucleic acid-based	Preclinical	Intramuscular	SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines
RV-1731 More detail+	RNAImmune (US), Guangzhou RNAimmune (China)	Nucleic acid-based	Preclinical	Intramuscular	SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines
S-delRBD-LV More detail+	Université Paris Saclay (France), University of Amsterdam (Netherlands), Institut Pasteur (France), Université Grenoble Alpes (France)	Nanoparticle	Preclinical	Intramuscular	SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines
S-RBD-NUS More detail+	Duke-National University of Singapore (Singapore)	Protein subunit	Preclinical	Intranasal	SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines
S-Trimer-PIKA More detail+	Yisheng Biopharma (China)	Protein subunit	Phase 3	Intramuscular	SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines
Sarbeco-RBD-cocktail More detail+	Indian Institute of Science (India), Institute of Microbial Technology (India), Mynvax (India), National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (India)	Protein subunit	Preclinical	Intramuscular	Broadly Protective Vaccines
Sarbeco-RBD-Mix More detail+	Washington University School of Medicine (US)	Protein subunit	Preclinical	Intramuscular	Broadly Protective Vaccines
SARS-CoV-2-delEM More detail+	University of Wisconsin-Madison (USA), University of Tokyo (Japan), National Center for Global Health and Medicine Research Institute (Japan)	Live-attenuated	Preclinical	Intranasal	SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines
SC-Ad6-1 More detail+	Moat Biotechnology Corporation (US), Mayo Clinic (US)	Viral vector	Phase 1	Intranasal, Intramuscular, Aerosol	SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines
SC2-multi-peptide More detail+	Ajou University Medical Center (South Korea)	Protein subunit	Preclinical	Subcutaneous	SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines
SC2-RBD-cGAMP More detail+	Stanford University (USA)	Protein subunit	Preclinical	Subcutaneous	SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines
Sclamp More detail+	University of Queensland (Australia)	Protein subunit	Phase 1	Intramuscular	SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines
SKYCovion More detail+	SK Bioscience (South Korea)	Nanoparticle	Approved	Intramuscular	SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines
SMEN-Beta More detail+	Yale School of Medicine (US)	Virus-like particle	Preclinical	Intranasal, Intramuscular, Aerosol	SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines
SpFN/ALFQ More detail+	U.S. Army Medical Research and Development Command (US)	Nanoparticle	Phase 1	Intramuscular	Broadly Protective Vaccines
Spike-Hexapro-CAF09b More detail+	Statens Serum Institut (Denmark), University of Copenhagen (Denmark), Copenhagen University Hospital (Denmark)	Protein subunit	Preclinical	Intranasal	SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines
SYS6006 More detail+	CSPC ZhongQi Pharmaceutical Technology (China)	Nucleic acid-based	Phase 2	Intramuscular	SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines
T2_17 More detail+	DIOSynVax Ltd (UK), University of Oxford (UK)	Nucleic acid-based	Phase 1	Intradermal	Broadly Protective Vaccines
TA-mRNA-SC2 More detail+	University of Pittsburgh (US), Pennsylvania State University (US)	Nucleic acid-based	Preclinical	Intradermal	SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines
Trivalent-RBD-scNP More detail+	University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (US), Duke Human Vaccine Institute (US), Yale School of Medicine (US)	Nanoparticle	Preclinical	Intramuscular	Broadly Protective Vaccines
Trivalent-RBD-subunit More detail+	Texas Children’s Hospital Center for Vaccine Development (US), Baylor College of Medicine (US)	Protein subunit	Preclinical	Intramuscular	Broadly Protective Vaccines
Turkovac More detail+	Health Institutes of Turkey (Turkey)	Inactivated	Phase 3	Intramuscular	SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines
VBI-2901a More detail+	VBI Vaccines (US)	Virus-like particle	Phase 1	Intramuscular	Broadly Protective Vaccines
VBI-2901e More detail+	VBI Vaccines (US)	Virus-like particle	Phase 1	Intramuscular	Broadly Protective Vaccines
VIDO4372 More detail+	University of Saskatchewan (Canada)	Protein subunit	Preclinical	Intramuscular	SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines
VLA2001 More detail+	Centro de Estudios en Infectogía Pediatrica (Colombia)	Inactivated	Phase 3	Intramuscular	SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines
VLP-S2 More detail+	University of Wisconsin-Madison (USA), Georgia Institute of Technology (US)	Virus-like particle	Preclinical	Subcutaneous	Broadly Protective Vaccines
VLP1/VLP2 More detail+	University of Saskatchewan (Canada)	Virus-like particle	Preclinical	Intramuscular	SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines
VLS-SC2 More detail+	Weirui Biotechnology (Kunming) (China)	Nucleic acid-based	Preclinical	Intramuscular	SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines
VSV-G-Spike More detail+	Israel Institute for Biological Research (Israel), Sheba Medical Center (Israel), Weizmann Institute of Science (Israel)	Viral vector	Preclinical	Intramuscular, Intranasal	SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines
VXA-CoV2 More detail+	Vaxart (US)	Viral vector	Phase 2	Oral	SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines
Wuhan-S-virosome More detail+	University of Amsterdam (Netherlands)	Virus-like particle	Preclinical	Subcutaneous	SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines
XBB.1.5-LNP-mRNA-RBD More detail+	University of Tokyo (Japan), Japan Institute for Health Security (Japan), University of Wisconsin-Madison (USA), Nezu Biotech (Germany), Daiichi Sankyo (Japan)	Nanoparticle	Preclinical	Intramuscular	SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines
ZR-202-CoV More detail+	Shanghai Zerun Biotechnology (China)	Protein subunit	Phase 2	Intramuscular	SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines
ZSVG-02-O More detail+	CNBG (China), Virogin Biotech (Canada)	Nucleic acid-based	Phase 1	Intramuscular	SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines

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Coronavirus VaccineTechnology Landscape

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Database

Broadly Protective Vaccines

Mosaic-S-virosome

Mosaic-S-virosome

Mosaic-S-virosome

Mosaic-8b

Mosaic-8b

Mosaic-8b

Resurfaced-RBD

Resurfaced-RBD

Resurfaced-RBD

3R-AEW-NC

3R-AEW-NC

3R-AEW-NC

Glyco-RBD-cocktail

Glyco-RBD-cocktail

Glyco-RBD-cocktail

PT-SARS

PT-SARS

PT-SARS

CoVAX-multiantigen

CoVAX-multiantigen

CoVAX-multiantigen

Sarbeco-RBD-cocktail

Sarbeco-RBD-cocktail

Sarbeco-RBD-cocktail

Chimeric-Spike-mRNA

Chimeric-Spike-mRNA

Chimeric-Spike-mRNA

ARVAC-Gamma

ARVAC-Gamma

ARVAC-Gamma

GBP511

GBP511

GBP511

Mosaic-ODG

Mosaic-ODG

Mosaic-ODG

FAdV-9-S19

FAdV-9-S19

FAdV-9-S19

Trivalent-RBD-subunit

Trivalent-RBD-subunit

Trivalent-RBD-subunit

IBIS

IBIS

IBIS

NanoSTING-SN

NanoSTING-SN

NanoSTING-SN

mRBD-NP

mRBD-NP

mRBD-NP

Trivalent-RBD-scNP

Trivalent-RBD-scNP

Trivalent-RBD-scNP

Quartet-Nanocage

Quartet-Nanocage

Quartet-Nanocage

614D/SHC014/XBB

614D/SHC014/XBB

614D/SHC014/XBB

VLP-S2

VLP-S2

VLP-S2

Sarbeco-RBD-Mix

Sarbeco-RBD-Mix

Sarbeco-RBD-Mix

3R-NC

3R-NC

3R-NC

RBD-Fc-WT-BQ

RBD-Fc-WT-BQ

RBD-Fc-WT-BQ

T2_17

T2_17

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SpFN/ALFQ

Coronavirus Vaccine
Technology Landscape

rSRV9-MERS_S1

rSRV9-MERS_S1