Higher levels of antigen-specific IFNγ-secreting CD4+ T cells are associated with stronger vaccine response.
- Ho 2024: Relative deficiency in interferon-γ-secreting CD4+ T cells is strongly associated with poorer COVID-19 vaccination responses in older adults
- Schnizer 2023: Persistent humoral and CD4+ TH cell immunity after mild SARS-COV-2 infection—the CoNAN long-term study
Eser 2023 found that nucleocapsid-specific CD4 and CD8 T cells may serve as CoPs.
Heitmann 2021 demonstrated IFNγ T-cell response in all vaccine recipients in a Phase 1 clinical trial of the broadly protective SARS-CoV-2 vaccine CoVac-1, with a ≥100-fold increase from baseline. Authors of the study further demonstrated that the IFNγ T-cell response to specific SARS-CoV-2 variants was greater than wild type SARS-CoV-2; CoVac-induced CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell responses were also shown.